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101.
Andreas Förner Jan Vollhüter Anna Krapf Abdullah Jamjoom Daniel Hausmann Benjamin Wahlmann Zongwen Fu Carolin Körner Steffen Neumeier Mathias Göken 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2023,25(15):2300407
By increasing the density of interfaces in NiAl–CrMo in situ composites, the mechanical properties can be significantly improved compared to conventionally cast material. The refined microstructure is achieved by manufacturing through electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB). By varying the process parameters, an equiaxed or columnar cell morphology can be obtained, exhibiting a plate-like or an interconnected network of the (Cr,Mo) reinforcement phase which is embedded in a NiAl matrix. The microstructure of the different cell morphologies is investigated in detail using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. For both morphologies, the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are analyzed by compression and creep experiments parallel and perpendicular to the building direction. In comparison to cast NiAl and NiAl–(Cr, Mo), the yield strength of the PBF-EB fabricated specimens is significantly improved at temperatures up to 1,027 °C. While the columnar morphology exhibits the best improved mechanical properties at high temperatures, the equiaxial morphology shows nearly ideal isotropic mechanical behavior, which is a substantial advantage over directionally solidified material. 相似文献
102.
R Chalmers A Guhathakurta H Benjamin N Kleckner 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,93(5):897-908
Architectural protein IHF modulates Tn10 transposition in vitro. IHF stimulates transposon excision. Also, separately, IHF forces transposon end/target DNA interactions into a constrained pathway, "channeling," that yields only unknotted intratransposon inversion circles. Negative supercoiling influences both effects, differently. We infer that IHF is an architectural catalyst: it promotes initial transpososome assembly and is then ejected from the transpososome. IHF then rebinds, altering transpososome conformation to promote channeling. We also infer that the developing transpososome is a molecular spring: DNA provides basic elasticity; a conformational change in transposase provides force; and IHF and/or supercoiling provide conformational inputs. In vivo, IHF is a sensory transducer of chromosomal supercoiling status: with supercoiling absent, IHF is "supercoiling relief factor"; with supercoiling present, stimulation and channeling comprise a homeostatic pair such that modest changes in chromosome condition strongly influence transpositional outcome. 相似文献
103.
Jürgen R. Reichenbach Marco Essig E. Mark Haacke Benjamin C. Lee Christian Przetak Werner A. Kaiser Lothar R. Schad 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1998,6(1):62-69
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a non-flow related magnetic resonance imaging method to visualize small veins independent of arteries in the human brain. A long TE, high-resolution 3D gradient echo MR acquisition was used to highlight venous information. The method is based on the paramagnetic property of deoxyhemoglobin and the resulting phase difference between veins and brain parenchyma at long echo times. The MR magnitude images were masked with a phase mask filter to enhance small structure visibility.. Venous information down to sub-pixel vessel diameters of several hundred microns is visible. Venous data are displayed in an angiographic manner using a minimum intensity projection algorithm. Both superficial veins and deep white matter veins are visible. The method has been successfully applied in volunteers. Preliminary results in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations indicate its potential in clinical applications. The proposed method is easy to implement and does not require administration of a contrast agent or application of specially designed rf pulses to highlight the veins. Rather it exploits the intrinsic magnetic properties (BOLD-effect) and the prolonged T 2* of venous blood. The method may be of diagnostic potential in the assessment of arteriovenous malformations or other vascular venous lesions. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 相似文献
104.
The smart car seat: personalized monitoring of vital signs in automotive applications 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Marian Walter Benjamin Eilebrecht Tobias Wartzek Steffen Leonhardt 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2011,15(7):707-715
Embedded wireless sensors are important components of mobile distributed computing networks, and one of the target applications
areas is health care. The preservation of mobility for senior citizens is one of the key issues in maintaining an independent
lifestyle. Thus health technologies inside a car can contribute both to safety issues (supervision of driver fitness) as well
as healthcare issues by monitoring vitals signs imperceptibly. In this paper, three embedded measurement techniques for non-contact
monitoring of vital signals have been investigated. Specifically, capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG) monitoring, mechanical
movement analysis (ballistocardiogram, BCG) using piezo-foils and inductive impedance monitoring were examined regarding their
potential for integration into car seats. All three sensing techniques omit the need for electroconductive contact to the
human body, but require defined mechanical boundary conditions (stable distances or, in the case of BCG, frictional connection).
The physical principles of operation, the specific boundary conditions regarding automotive integration and the results during
wireless operation in a running car are presented. All three sensors were equipped with local intelligence by incorporating
a microcontroller. To eliminate the need for additional cabling, a wireless Bluetooth communication module was added and used
to transmit data to a measurement PC. Finally, preliminary results obtained during test drives on German city roads and highways
are discussed. 相似文献
105.
A Modern Graphics Processing unit (GPU) is able to perform massively parallel scientific computations at low cost. We extend our implementation of the checkerboard algorithm for the two-dimensional Ising model [T. Preis et al., Journal of Chemical Physics 228 (2009) 4468-4477] in order to overcome the memory limitations of a single GPU which enables us to simulate significantly larger systems. Using multi-spin coding techniques, we are able to accelerate simulations on a single GPU by factors up to 35 compared to an optimized single Central Processor Unit (CPU) core implementation which employs multi-spin coding. By combining the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) with the Message Parsing Interface (MPI) on the CPU level, a single Ising lattice can be updated by a cluster of GPUs in parallel. For large systems, the computation time scales nearly linearly with the number of GPUs used. As proof of concept we reproduce the critical temperature of the 2D Ising model using finite size scaling techniques. 相似文献
106.
We conduct a rigorous analysis of the (1+1) evolutionary algorithm for the single source shortest path problem proposed by Scharnow, Tinnefeld, and Wegener (The analyses of evolutionary algorithms on sorting and shortest paths problems, 2004, Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms, 3(4):349-366). We prove that with high probability, the optimization time is O(n2 max{?, log(n)}), where ? is the smallest integer such that any vertex can be reached from the source via a shortest path having at most ? edges. This bound is tight. For all values of n and ? we provide a graph with edge weights such that, with high probability, the optimization time is of order Ω(n2 max{?, log(n)}). To obtain such sharp bounds, we develop a new technique that overcomes the coupon collector behavior of previously used arguments. Also, we exhibit a simple Chernoff type inequality for sums of independent geometrically distributed random variables, and one for sequences of random variables that are not independent, but show a desired behavior independent of the outcomes of the previous random variables. We are optimistic that these tools find further applications in the analysis of evolutionary algorithms. 相似文献
107.
Meng T Entezari A Smith B Möller T Weiskopf D Kirkpatrick AE 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(10):1420-1432
The Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) and Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattices have been analytically shown to be more efficient sampling lattices than the traditional Cartesian Cubic (CC) lattice, but there has been no estimate of their visual comparability. Two perceptual studies (each with N = 12 participants) compared the visual quality of images rendered from BCC and FCC lattices to images rendered from the CC lattice. Images were generated from two signals: the commonly used Marschner-Lobb synthetic function and a computed tomography scan of a fish tail. Observers found that BCC and FCC could produce images of comparable visual quality to CC, using 30-35 percent fewer samples. For the images used in our studies, the L(2) error metric shows high correlation with the judgement of human observers. Using the L(2) metric as a proxy, the results of the experiments appear to extend across a wide range of images and parameter choices. 相似文献
108.
Waser J Ribičić H Fuchs R Hirsch C Schindler B Blöschl G Gröller ME 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(12):1872-1881
Flood disasters are the most common natural risk and tremendous efforts are spent to improve their simulation and management. However, simulation-based investigation of actions that can be taken in case of flood emergencies is rarely done. This is in part due to the lack of a comprehensive framework which integrates and facilitates these efforts. In this paper, we tackle several problems which are related to steering a flood simulation. One issue is related to uncertainty. We need to account for uncertain knowledge about the environment, such as levee-breach locations. Furthermore, the steering process has to reveal how these uncertainties in the boundary conditions affect the confidence in the simulation outcome. Another important problem is that the simulation setup is often hidden in a black-box. We expose system internals and show that simulation steering can be comprehensible at the same time. This is important because the domain expert needs to be able to modify the simulation setup in order to include local knowledge and experience. In the proposed solution, users steer parameter studies through the World Lines interface to account for input uncertainties. The transport of steering information to the underlying data-flow components is handled by a novel meta-flow. The meta-flow is an extension to a standard data-flow network, comprising additional nodes and ropes to abstract parameter control. The meta-flow has a visual representation to inform the user about which control operations happen. Finally, we present the idea to use the data-flow diagram itself for visualizing steering information and simulation results. We discuss a case-study in collaboration with a domain expert who proposes different actions to protect a virtual city from imminent flooding. The key to choosing the best response strategy is the ability to compare different regions of the parameter space while retaining an understanding of what is happening inside the data-flow system. 相似文献
109.
Benjamin Höferlin Markus Höferlin Daniel Weiskopf Gunther Heidemann 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2011,55(1):127-150
Automated video analysis lacks reliability when searching for unknown events in video data. The practical approach is to watch
all the recorded video data, if applicable in fast-forward mode. In this paper we present a method to adapt the playback velocity
of the video to the temporal information density, so that the users can explore the video under controlled cognitive load.
The proposed approach can cope with static changes and is robust to video noise. First, we formulate temporal information
as symmetrized Rényi divergence, deriving this measure from signal coding theory. Further, we discuss the animated visualization
of accelerated video sequences and propose a physiologically motivated blending approach to cope with arbitrary playback velocities.
Finally, we compare the proposed method with the current approaches in this field by experiments and a qualitative user study,
and show its advantages over motion-based measures. 相似文献
110.
In this paper, we introduce Audlib, an extendable tool for generating security‐relevant information on Unix systems. Audlib is a wrapper environment that generates application level audit information from existing executable programs. Audlib is not a detection system, instead it is designed to supplement existing audit systems and work transparently with them. Audlib records information that is not presently available from existing kernel‐level audit sources. Here, we describe the design of the Audlib framework and the information it provides. We compare auditing the actions of a web server with Audlib to existing kernel audit sources and show that we have 2–4 times the throughput of Linux auditd and less than half the performance overhead of Solaris BSM while collecting detailed information about the server's execution. Although Audlib is focused on recording security information, this technique can be used to collect data for a wide variety of purposes including profiling, dependency analysis, and debugging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献