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31.
Elif Kacar Ahmet Erdem Mesure Mutlu Sanli Asgar Kayan Levent Candan Ufuk Yildiz Arif Demir 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2016,26(4):895-906
It is important to give water-repellent and antibacterial properties to the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) surfaces of the hearing aids. In this study, the sol–gel Si and sol–gel Ti solutions were prepared from the reactions of silicon ethoxide, titanium butoxide and methacrylic acid. The catalyst and Dynasylan F8815 were added to the sol–gel solutions to give hydrophobic properties onto the ABS surfaces. Additionally, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by nanosecond laser and added to the coating solutions to give extra antibacterial properties. The surfaces of the ABS targets were coated using the sol–gel dip coating and pulsed laser deposition techniques. The coatings with good adhesion between film and substrate and good water-repellent properties were achieved. The average contact angles for the coated ABS surfaces were measured in the range between 120 and 125 degrees. The obtained sol–gel materials and produced thin films onto the ABS surfaces were also analyzed in terms of the antibacterial properties. The highly antibacterial properties were observed in the sol–gel solutions and the thin films. 相似文献
32.
Ergin Murat Altuner Hami Alpas Yasar Kemal Erdem Faruk Bozoglu 《European Food Research and Technology》2006,222(3-4):392-396
Interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) applications on milk and dairy products has recently increased as HHP offers a
new technology for food preservation to the food industry. Although HHP-induced microbial destruction, rennet or acid coagulation
of milk and increase in cheese yield has been reported, the actual effect of HHP application on milk constituents still remains
to be unexplained. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of HHP on physicochemical and biochemical properties such as turbidity,
pH and especially protein micelle surface hydrophobicity of milk proteins. To serve for this purpose, milk samples with different
fat contents were pressurized from 110 to 440 MPa at 25 °C for 10 and 20 min. Turbidity decreased with pressure increase and
there was a slight change in pH. In order to measure the extent of exposure of hydrophobic groups of proteins to HHP, the
method described by Bonomi et al. [1], based on use of a fluorescent probe, was utilized. In the light of the results obtained, it can be concluded that HHP has
an effect on non-covalent interactions and especially hydrophobic bonds in milk. As the pressure is increased from 110 to
440 MPa, the micelles possibly decompose into sub-micelles and the embedded hydrophobic areas inside these micelles re-position
in such a way that they can readily interfere with the fluorescent marker, ANS. These results may lead to practical applications
of HHP treatment in the dairy industry to produce microbiologically safe, minimally processed products with high nutritional
and sensory quality and novel texture. 相似文献
33.
Emulsifier‐free cationic latexes based on vinylbenzyl chloride and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with adjusted hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties
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Functional emulsifier‐free cationic latexes based on styrenic monomer vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and acrylic monomer 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) were successfully prepared with dual quaternary ammonium ions (36–63 mol %) on both monomer moieties in two‐stages. First, [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylhexadecylammonium bromide monomer (DMA(C16)), prepared via quaternization of DMA with 1‐bromohexadecane, was utilized as a comonomer (5–20%) as well as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of VBC. Next, the quaternization of chloromethyl groups in the VBC moiety in latex particles with trimethylamine and N,N‐dimethylhexadecylamine created a second type of quaternized sites on the latex particles. The percentages of the quaternary ammonium ions of the first‐stage latexes (P[VBC‐DMA(C16‐x)]) and the second‐stage latexes (P[VBC(R)‐DMA(C16‐x)]) were determined using bromide and chloride ion‐selective electrodes. The particles were characterized with a scanning electron microscope, Zetasizer, measuring water contact angles of their pellets. The polymer structure and the alkyl group length in their quaternary ammonium ions played an important role on the sizes, zeta potentials and hydrophilic–hydrophobic balances of the latexes. The water contact angles of the pellets of the latex particles varied from 50.3 to 109.6° depending on both the polymer structure and the alkyl group length. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42775. 相似文献
34.
M. Erdem Günay Fatma AkpinarZ. Ilsen Onsan Ramazan Yildirim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2012
The water gas shift activity of promoted Pt–CeO2/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated in this work. The catalysts were prepared by incipient to wetness impregnation and tested using a microflow reaction system. It was found that K has beneficial effects under product-containing feed compositions while Co and Ni promoters worsen catalyst performance. The reaction temperature and feed H2O/CO ratio positively affect the catalytic activity, whereas CO2 and H2 addition to the feed decreases CO conversion, as expected. The experimental results were also modeled using modular neural networks, at which the catalyst preparation and operational (reaction) variables were used together in the same network because they are interacting but processed differently because they are dissimilar in their form (i.e. categorical versus continuous) and their effects on catalytic activity. It was concluded that the effects of catalyst preparation and operational variables and their relative importance could be comprehended more accurately by using this approach, which may be also employed in other similar systems. 相似文献
35.
This paper aims to determine the factors that have an impact on the consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for hybrid automobiles in Turkey. A web-based random survey was conducted in different regions of Turkey. A questionnaire was administered to 1983 participants in January–March of 2009. The questionnaire was prepared by taking the issues raised in various sources into account. An ordered Probit model was used to meet the objective. Results show that variables such as income, gender, education, concerns about global warming, number of automobiles, importance of automobile performance, risk preference, attitude toward the alternative energy sources have an impact on the consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for hybrids. Findings suggest that consumers who have high income, higher educational level, and concerns about the global warming are more likely to pay a premium for hybrids. This study is expected to make important contributions to the current literature related to the consumers’ willingness to pay for hybrids by providing a research study from a developing country’s perspective. Results of this study also make important contributions to the policy and decision makers, environmental groups and automotive industry. 相似文献
36.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices among food service staff with regards to food hygiene in hospitals in Edirne, Turkey, and to provide baseline data for implementing HACCP in hospital food services by carrying out a questionnaire by a face-to-face interview. The current study shows that food service staff in Edirne hospitals have insufficient knowledge regarding the basics of food hygiene. And also revealed a discrepancy between attitudes and practices towards food hygiene. There is an immediate need for continuous training among food handlers regarding safe food handling practices. 相似文献
37.
38.
Ground motions under earthquake loading are influenced by the local soil conditions, but the non-linearity of the soil behavior
makes it difficult to estimate the site response. The paper reports a non-linear analysis developed to elucidate the effect
of non-linearity on site response, illustrating its applicability with reference to a petroleum storage tank site subjected
to earthquake excitation. 相似文献
39.
Murti Krishna G. Stern Richard M. Cantekin Erdem I. Bluestone Charles D. 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1982,(6):472-477
Spectral patterns of sound transmission through the Eustachian tube (ET) have been obtained in a series of experiments designed to identify ET dysfunction. Previous studies of ET function using sonometry have relied on heuristic and somewhat arbitrary methods in interpreting the data. In this study, an automated classification algorithm was developed to separate these sonograms into three distinct groups. From a total of 150 sample spectra, 75 were used in the formation of learning sets. The remaining spectra were classified into these three groups using standard Bayesian techniques. Both parametric and nonparametric methods were applied in estimating conditional probability density functions. Results of classification are compared with an independent test of ET function. Agreement between our classifier and the results of the independent test was as good as 97.3 percent. The results of this study indicate that an automated classification procedure can effectively distinguish among the three major types of sonograms obtained from ET sonometry. 相似文献
40.
Daniel R. Brooks Esra Erdem Selim T. Erdoğan James W. Minett Don Ringe 《Journal of Automated Reasoning》2007,39(4):471-511
We describe the reconstruction of a phylogeny for a set of taxa, with a character-based cladistics approach, in a declarative
knowledge representation formalism, and show how to use computational methods of answer set programming to generate conjectures
about the evolution of the given taxa. We have applied this computational method in two domains: historical analysis of languages
and historical analysis of parasite-host systems. In particular, using this method, we have computed some plausible phylogenies
for Chinese dialects, for Indo-European language groups, and for Alcataenia species. Some of these plausible phylogenies are different from the ones computed by other software. Using this method, we
can easily describe domain-specific information (e.g., temporal and geographical constraints), and thus prevent the reconstruction
of some phylogenies that are not plausible.
This paper is a revised and extended version of [3]. 相似文献