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71.
Bill Hollins 《Creativity & Innovation Management》1999,8(4):286-293
Research has recently been completed to determine how innovative organisations manage innovation over an extended period into the future. The purpose of the research was to determine what companies active in this area, were doing and, from the results, write the new standard BS 7000 part 1 ‘Guide to Innovation Management’. This paper considers one of the findings that organisations can extend the use of brainstorming as a means for: developing the organisational structure for planning the long-term, and envisaging the types of products and services that may be developed up to three generations ahead – typically ten years in many organisations. 相似文献
72.
Walter A. Wohlmuth Bill Davenport Tyler Bowman Pat Hamilton Robert Hallgren Frederick S. Pool Andy Turudic 《Solid-state electronics》2005,49(12):1978
GaAs MESFETs with novel lowly-doped drain structures have been developed utilizing molecular implants of silicon trifluoride. Short-channel effects in the 1/4 μm enhancement- and depletion-mode transistors have been suppressed with drain-induced barrier height lowering of less than 70 mV/V and pinch-off voltage shifts of less than 220 mV as the gate length was scaled from 1.0 to 1/4 μm. The 3-terminal breakdown, the transconductance to output conductance ratio, and the unity current gain, cut-off frequency were simultaneously optimized. The E-mode device possessed breakdown of >10 V, Gm · Rds > 9.5, Ft > 55 GHz, and nominal on-resistance of 2.1 Ω mm while the D-mode device had breakdown >10 V, Gm · Rds > 6.0, Ft > 45 GHz, and nominal on-resistance of 1.9 Ω mm. These optimized transistors enabled the realization of a variety of low-power digital and high-power mixed signal circuits, using 3-level source-coupled transistor and common-mode logic, such as laser and electro-optic drivers, highly integrated transceivers, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and clock data recover circuits. 相似文献
73.
Theo van Kempen Bill Park Mike Hannon Paul Matzat 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2001,81(8):726-730
The ability to mix a quality feed is often equated to the quality of the mixer; the ability to weigh ingredients correctly has received little attention. To assess how accurately feed mills weigh their ingredients, 14 feed mills specialising in swine diets were surveyed, which yielded 8432 data points (for 229 ingredients and 11–44 batch records per ingredient within mills). Amounts actually weighed (according to scale readings) were compared to calls, and differences were analysed statistically. Feed mills overdosed ingredients by 1.5 ± 16.3%: between mills, overdosing ranged from ?0.7 to 13.0%. Within ingredients, weighing variation ranged from 0.6 to 11.1% between mills and averaged 5.2%. Some of the weighing problems observed were attributed to discrepancies between the call size and the scale resolution. For example, weighing 11.3 units (pounds) on a scale with a 2 unit resolution leads to a minimum error of 6%. Such problems occurred for 8.7% of the calls and resulted in a minimum error ranging from 0.01 to 20%, averaging 1.95%. Poor choice of scales was the major source of errors in weighing, and the relationship weighing variation = 10∧ [1.56 ? 0.50 log (call/scale resolution)] explained 40% of the variation observed (p < 0.05). Weighing ingredients in the right scale would thus not only benefit feed quality but also reduce diet cost, as it would reduce the overdosing of ingredients. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
74.
Bill Hancock 《Network Security》1999,1999(5):17-19
Ever wonder why many technologies that could benefit from cryptographic security frequently do not have such facilities? Network protocols are a prime example. Inclusion of end-to-end encryption would solve a great many problems with regards to the security of node-to-node communications. Of course, it also raises some other problems (such as key distribution systems), but these are made to be solved. 相似文献
75.
A systematic procedure is described for determination of GaAs PIN diode equivalent circuit models from measured S‐parameter data combined with an electromagnetic analysis of the feed structure. A new parasitic and intrinsic model topology is proposed, and found to be better suited than prior models for the particular GaAs PIN structures considered in this work. Models were developed for forward bias currents ranging from 0.01 to 100 mA, and example measured and modeled results are included to validate the approach. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 61–68, 2001. 相似文献
76.
Bill Schweber 《电子设计技术》2005,12(2):34-34
不久前,我们的行业遇到了元件可靠性问题,大批量产品用户发现美国公司的存储器IC的故障率比日本同类产品高。通过努力,现在各类IC都很可靠,硬IC故障也很少。我们的其它元件.比如无源元件、印线电路板等,情况也大多是如此。 相似文献
77.
Blanchard Chris M.; Courneya Kerry S.; Rodgers Wendy M.; Daub Bill; Knapik Grant 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,47(3):308
Objective: To evaluate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise motivation during and after Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Design and Participants: Patients (57 men and 24 women) completed a TPB questionnaire that included attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and exercise intentions pre- and post-Phase 2 CR. Results: During Phase 2 CR, regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 38% of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. At postrehabilitation follow-up, attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC explained 51 % of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. Conclusion: The TPB is a useful framework for understanding exercise intentions and behavior both during and after Phase 2 CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
78.
P.E. Bellamy P.J. Croxton M.S. Heard S.A. Hinsley L. Hulmes S. Hulmes P. Nuttall R.F. Pywell P. Rothery 《Biomass & bioenergy》2009,33(2):191-199
Miscanthus is a newly introduced crop grown primarily to produce biomass for energy production and the area grown in the UK is anticipated to increase. Major differences in crop management from conventional arable crops have led to speculation that miscanthus may also have effects on farmland biodiversity. Six miscanthus fields were paired with six of a conventional crop, winter wheat, and bird diversity and abundance were compared in winter and during the breeding season along with potential food sources. Miscanthus fields had a greater abundance and diversity of birds than did wheat in winter and summer. In winter, the greater numbers of birds in miscanthus fields were probably attracted by the shelter provided by the crop and by the abundance of non-crop plants. During the breeding season, the abundance of non-crop plants in miscanthus fields, and greater numbers of insects associated with these plants, provided food resources. However, the miscanthus crop plants provided less insect food than wheat crop plants. Changes in crop structure during the breeding season influenced the breeding birds. The results from this study suggested that an increase in the area of miscanthus grown in the UK may have temporary benefits for farmland bird populations during establishment. These benefits are likely to diminish with age of crop and as crop management improves with experience. Management for wildlife will be required to maintain the diversity of features attractive to birds because many of these will be lost if miscanthus is managed solely to maximise crop yields. 相似文献
79.
Yonglong Wang Bill Samson David Ellison Louis Natanson 《Neural computing & applications》2001,10(3):253-263
Active learning balances the cost of data acquisition against its usefulness for training. We select only those data points
which are the most informative about the system being modelled. The MIQR (Maximum Inter-Quartile Range) criterion is defined
by computing the inter-quartile range of the outputs of an ensemble of networks, and finding the input parameter values for
which this is maximal. This method ensures data selection is not unduly influenced by ‘outliers’, but is principally dependent
upon the ‘mainstream’ state of the ensemble. MIQR is more effective and efficient than contending methods1 . The algorithm automatically regulates the training threshold and the network architecture as necessary. We compare active
learning methods by applying them to a continuous function and a discontinuous function. Training is more difficult for a
discontinuous function than a continuous function, and the volume of data for active learning is substantially less than for
passive learning. 相似文献
80.
Items from California Adult Q-Sort (CAQ) were used to assess psychosocial generativity (E. H. Erikson, 1950) in a sample of educated women at midlife. CAQ scores measured at age 43 demonstrated convergent validity with an inventory measure of generativity assessed at age 53. According to other longitudinal analyses, women who attained a generative stance at age 43 reported greater investment 10 years later in intergenerational roles (e.g. daughter, mother) but not nonintergenerational ones (e.g. friend, sister). Generative women also reported less subjective burden in caring for aging parents and more knowledge about community elder care programs. Further evidence suggests that participants felt embedded in a reciprocal caregiving network in which they themselves are recipients of care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献