人脸识别研究综述*

人脸识别是一种重要的身份鉴别技术,具有广泛的应用前景。给出了人脸识别发展历程中的技术特点;根据人脸检测定位、面部特征提取和人脸确认识别三个关键的人脸识别过程,阐述了目前已成熟的核心技术和方法以及这些技术和方法的优缺点;展望了人脸识别未来的研究趋势。     

矿区土壤重金属Cd高光谱建模与模型适应性分析

以粤北南岭某矿区土壤为研究对象,采用传统采样检测方法分析土壤重金属含量.借助ASD FieldSpec 4型便携式高光谱仪测量土壤光谱反射率,将土壤反射率经过卷积平滑后进行8种数据变换,分析9种光谱数据指标与镉(Cd)含量的相关性.采用偏最小二乘和随机森林方法,结合Pearson相关系数分别建立9种光谱数据指标的土壤重金属Cd含量的高光谱反演模型.并对其预测能力进行评价,实现了局地尺度上土壤重金属Cd含量反演,探究了不同Cd浓度区间对建模精度的影响.结果表明:通过不同的数据变换方式可以有效消除基线,去除背景干扰并提高光谱数据与Cd的相关性.其中一阶微分变换效果最为理想;偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)与随机森林(Random Forest Regression,RF)均能不同程度预测Cd含量,其中采用一阶微分结合随机森林(FD-RF)方法所建模型具备较高可靠性,R2超过0.80;当样本浓度平均值变化超过40％时,建立的模型预测能力降低.该研究方法可以作为土壤重金属Cd检测的手段,研究结果可以为土壤重金属高光谱反演提供方法和理论支持.     

固体氧化物燃料电池双极板材料发展综述

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)作为第三代燃料电池,以其能量转换效率高、燃料适用范围广、对环境友好、全固态等诸多优势而备受关注.双极板(又称连接体)作为固体氧化物燃料电池的重要组成部分之一,在SOFC电池堆中起到串并联单体电池并隔绝燃料气体与空气的作用,对电池性能及商用成本有很大影响.不同材料的双极板存在不同的性能问题,主要都集中在导电性能、抗氧化性能、化学稳定性及热膨胀系数是否匹配等方面.本文综述了传统陶瓷材料、合金材料、新型陶瓷材料、复合材料双极板的发展历程及最新研究进展,并着重介绍了组分优化设计及表面改性(涂覆活性氧化物涂层、稀土钙钛矿涂层及尖晶石涂层等)两种方式对于合金材料抑制镉元素向外扩散的能力、抗氧化性及导电性的改善.综合分析表明,通过组分优化设计和表面改性弥补合金作为双极板材料的性能缺陷,尝试制备新型陶瓷材料或复合材料等途径,有望获得高性能、低成本的双极板材料,从而实现SOFC的大规模商业化应用.     

Electrolytic cell engineering and device optimization for electrosynthesis of e-biofuels via co-valorisation of bio-feedstocks and captured CO2

Utilizing CO₂ in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization technologies.CO₂ electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage strategy.The current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO₂.In this approach,CO₂ is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the anode.In this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical values.The reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis.     

面向混合虚拟化环境的开发部署运维一体化服务设计

为了能够更好地对数据进行管理、开发,将虚拟化环境整合在一起,形成一个混合型的虚拟化环境,并设计该混合型虚拟化环境的开发部署与运维一体化服务功能.对面向混合虚拟化环境的开发部署运维一体化服务进行功能分析,在该一体化服务设计中,分别设有六大功能模块,分别是应用开发模块、数据库部署模块、应用生效模块、数据库运维模块、参数布置模块、日志查询模块.分别对这六大模块进行研究,实现混合虚拟环境的开发、部署和运维功能.     

细菌纤维素的功能化改性研究进展

细菌纤维素(BC)是微生物生长过程中产生的以葡萄糖为基本骨架的结构性碳水化合物,具有高纯度、高聚合度、高结晶度、高持水性、高抗张强度和良好的机械强度,在功能材料领域显示了巨大的应用潜力.综述了近年来BC合成菌种筛选的研究现状;分析了BC在透气、吸湿排汗、力学性能和染色与脱色性能调控方面的进展情况;重点总结了BC基材料在抗菌、防紫外线、防辐射、防静电、拒水拒油、导电和传感等功能化改性方面的研究进展;最后,指出BC大规模高效成模和成型技术、差异化高功能BC材料制备技术是未来的重点研发方向.     

特高压直流接地极线路电动越障双线飞车设计与研制

针对现有的导线飞车不适用于特高压直流接地极线路环境,跨越间隔棒、防振锤等障碍不便的问题,设计了一款特高压直流接地极线路电动越障双线飞车.该装置体积小、质量轻、使用简单,可适用于特高压直流接地极或其他双分裂导线带电或停电走线作业,具备自动越障功能,稳定可靠,具有较高的经济效益和实用价值.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.     

Correction to: Bismuth Yttrium Oxide (Bi3YO6), A New Electrode Material For Asymmetric Aqueous Supercapacitors

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. In line 9 of the abstract, 5% should read as 2%. The...     

埋地石油管道阴极防腐措施与风险预警研究

根据埋地管道阴极保护现状,总结了阴极保护原理、分类.阴极保护主要是基于电化学腐蚀原理,采用外加电流及牺牲阳极两种保护方式.分析了目前准则存在的不足,阴极保护准则没有对管道允许受到的直流干扰程度做出明确的规定且-850 mV(CSE)准则不适用交流干扰情况,另外GB/T 21448—2008准则的适用温度不能超过40℃.分析了基于数值模拟研究埋地管道阴极保护的方法,阴极保护数值模拟基于理论建立阴极保护数学模型,设置边界条件对模型加以求解即可得到管道沿线的电位分布情况.结合管道风险预警理论对埋地管道的风险预警进行了研究.对埋地管道腐蚀风险预警流程进行设计,其应遵循风险识别、风险分析及风险等级划分的流程,时刻监视防腐措施的运行效果.