95 t氧气顶吹转炉倾动机构传动系统性能测试与分析

为了转炉的增容 ,对已建 95 t转炉主倾动设备进行现场性能测试 ,以便对转炉原设计性能进行验证和分析 ,为后续转炉设计提供可靠的参考数据 ,并为安全生产、合理使用设备 ,改进操作提供参考意见     

Process for dense 2D SiC fiber-SiC matrix composites

A new process using SiC fiber fabrics and SiC tapes to produce dense 2D SiC fiber-SiC (SiC/SiC) composites is demonstrated. The strategy for fabricating the SiC/SiC composites involves: (i) alternately stacking the SiC fiber fabrics and SiC tapes at room temperature, (ii) pyrolyzing of the stacked composites, and (iii) hot-pressing the pyrolyzed composites. By controlling the hot-pressing temperature, it is possible to obtain dense 2D SiC/SiC composites with relative densities of >98%. The 2D SiC/SiC composites show no degradation of the SiC fibers and a higher mechanical strength.     

Opportunities in the electrowinning of molten titanium from titanium dioxide

The value chain of titanium products shows that the difference between the cost of titanium ingot and titanium dioxide is about $9/kg titanium. In contrast, the price of aluminum, which is produced in a similar way, is only about $1.7/kg. Electrowinning of molten titanium from titanium dioxide is therefore believed to have significant potential to reduce the cost of titanium products. The process is hampered by the high operating temperatures and sophisticated materials of construction required; the high affinity of titanium for carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen; and physical and chemical properties of the different titanium oxide species when reducing titanium from Ti₄₊ to metallic titanium. For more information, contact D.S. van Vuuren, CSIR, Materials and Manufacturing Technology Department, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, Gauteng 0181, South Africa; +27 12-841 2375; fax +27 841 2135; e-mail dvvuuren@csir.co.za.     

Design of forging process variables under uncertainties

Forging is a complex nonlinear process that is vulnerable to various manufacturing anomalies, such as variations in billet geometry, billet/die temperatures, material properties, and workpiece and forging equipment positional errors. A combination of these uncertainties could induce heavy manufacturing losses through premature die failure, final part geometric distortion, and reduced productivity. Identifying, quantifying, and controlling the uncertainties will reduce variability risk in a manufacturing environment, which will minimize the overall production cost. In this article, various uncertainties that affect the forging process are identified, and their cumulative effect on the forging tool life is evaluated. Because the forging process simulation is time-consuming, a response surface model is used to reduce computation time by establishing a relationship between the process performance and the critical process variables. A robust design methodology is developed by incorporating reliability-based optimization techniques to obtain sound forging components. A case study of an automotive-component forging-process design is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method.     

New methods of predicting dissimilar steel weld metal microstructures by Schaeffler Diagram

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Worker Exposure Monitoring of Suspended Particles in a Thermal Spray Industry

The purpose of the present work was the investigation and characterization of the quality of air in a thermal spray industry, in Greece. The activities that take place in the specific facility, as well as in most other similar industries, include thermal spraying and several mechanical and metallurgical tasks that generate airborne particles, such as grit-blasting, cutting and grinding of metallic components. Since the main focus of this work was the workers exposure to airborne particles and heavy metals, portable air samplers with quartz fiber filters, were used daily for 8 h. Three samplers, carried from different employees, were used for a period of 1 month. Results showed that both particles and heavy metals concentrations were low, even in the production site, which was the most susceptible area. The only exceptions were observed in the case of cleaning and maintenance activities in the thermal spray booth and in the case of spraying outside the booth. The main reason for the low concentrations is the fact that most of the activities that could produce high-particle concentrations are conducted in closed, well-ventilated systems. Statistical elaboration of results showed that particles are correlated with Ni, Cu, Co. The same conclusion is extracted for Fe, Mn. These correlations indicate possible common sources.     

CoSb3基Skutterudite化合物拉曼光谱研究

Skutterudite材料因具有特殊的晶体结构成为当前最有前途的热电材料之一,为深入研究填充Skutterudite化合物的热传导机制,对化合物的声子振动模式及置换、填充原子对声子模的影响进行了研究.通过对CoSb3,Co3.5Fe0.5Sb12的偏振拉曼谱研究,确认了一个Ag模,且与理论计算吻合较好.对CoSb3,Co3.5Fe0.5Sb12和La0.6Co3.5Fe0.5Sb12拉曼谱的对比研究表明,单纯Fe置换对拉曼谱影响很小,而La部分填充则使部分拉曼峰明显展宽,分析认为,这一现象主要源于填充原子在晶格空隙中的扰动.     

Microstructure and tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM50

High-pressure die cast magnesium alloy AM50 is currently used extensively in large and complex shaped thin-wall automotive components. For further expansion of the alloy usage in automobiles, novelmanufacturing processes need to be developed. In this study, squeeze casting of AM50 alloy with a relatively thick cross section was carried out using a hydraulic press with an applied pressure of 70 MPa. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeeze cast AM50 with a cross-section thickness of 10 mm were characterized in comparison with the die cast counterpart. The squeeze cast AM50 alloy exhibits virtually no porosity in the microstructure as evaluated by both optical microscopy and the density measurement technique. The results of tensile testing indicate the improved tensile properties, specifically ultimate tensile strength and elongation, for the squeeze cast samples over the conventional high-pressure die cast parts. The analysis of tensile behavior show that the strain-hardening rate during the plastic deformation of the squeeze cast specimens is constantly higher than that of the die cast specimens. The scanning electron microscopy fractography evidently reveals the ductile fracture features of the squeeze cast alloy AM50.     

Eliminating springback error in U-shaped part forming by variable blankholder force

Springback is the main concern in U-shaped part forming, which would adversely affect desired part geometries. The use of variable blankholder force in the forming process is one effective method to reduce springback. However, there has not been a systematic way to determine the blankholder force trajectory. In this article, a methodology of obtaining this blankholder force trajectory in forming a U-shaped part that considers the wrinkling limit and fracture limit in the forming process was proposed. The method was validated numerically by using the Finite Element Method to simulate the benchmark of a 2-D draw bending problem in NUMISHEET’93. With the calculated blankholder force trajectory, higher forming quality was obtained and compared with constant blankholder force cases. Springback was kept at a minimum while avoiding cracking.