Low–power and High-speed Multi-operational Shift Register on Silicon Using Bi-enabled Pulsed Latch

Silicon - This paper presents a low-power and high-speed multi-operational shift register on silicon designed using proposed bi-enabled pulsed latch. Multi operation in shift register is achieved...     

Kinetics of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of novel poly(arylene ether ether sulfide)s

The kinetics of crystallization have been studied for a series of novel poly(ether ether sulfide)s based on a biphenyl moiety in the backbone (M_n = 14.3K, 19.1K), referred to as biphenyl sulfide (T_g = 142°C, T_m = 347°C) and phenyl moieties in the backbone (M_n = 8.1K, 19.9K, 34K), referred to as phenyl sulfide (T_g = 100°C, T_m = 243°C). Isothermal melt crystallization kinetics were analyzed based on the Avrami equation. Avrami exponents close to three were obtained for the phenyl sulfides, independent of molecular weight or crystallization temperature, which implies growth of three-dimensional spherulitic superstructures following heterogeneous nucleation. For the biphenyl sulfides, values closer to 2 were obtained for the exponent, also independent of molecular weight or crystallization temperature, which could imply the incomplete development of three-dimensional superstructures following heterogeneous nucleation. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics were also studied by cooling from the melt; in all cases studied, the Ozawa analysis could not well describe the evolution of crystallinity, probably because of the inapplicability of some of the inherent assumptions in this type of analysis. The data were analyzed using the conventional form of the Avrami equation, which yielded good fits. This semiquantitative method of analysis yields a reduced rate constant that was found to increase with increasing cooling rate and decreasing molecular weight. The results of the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization studies carried out on the poly(ether ether sulfide)s have been compared wherever possible to the results available for PPS and PEEK.     

Absolute vicarious calibration of OCM2 and AWiFS sensors using a reflectance-based method over land sites in the Rann of Kutch,Gujarat

A study was carried out to estimate vicarious calibration coefficients for the OCM2 (Ocean Color Monitor) sensor onboard Oceansat-2 and also the AWiFS (Advanced Wide Field Sensor) sensor onboard Resourcesat-1 using reflectance measurements over three land sites – Dhrangadhra, Desalpar, and Bhachau – in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India, on four dates (17 October 2010, 25 and 29 April 2011, and 1 May 2011). Hyperspectral field reflectance measurements of the study sites (of extent ?2 km?×?2 km) in the wavelength range 325–2500 nm, along with measurements of atmospheric parameters (aerosol optical depth (AOD), water vapour, ozone) and sensor spectral response functions, were input to the 6S atmosphere correction code to compute top-of-atmosphere (TOA) at-satellite radiance in the eight visible and near infrared (NIR) bands of OCM2 and the four visible, NIR, and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands of the AWiFS sensor. The uncertainty in vicarious calibration coefficients due to measured spatial variability of field reflectance, aerosol optical thickness (AOT), water vapour, and ozone, was also computed for the OCM2 sensor for three dates (25 and 29 April 2011, 1 May 2011). The effect of surface anisotropy on TOA radiance was studied using a 15 day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) product covering the study sites.

The results show that there is an indication of change in calibration coefficients in OCM2, for band 2 (25 April Desalpar data), bands 2 and 5 (29 April Desalpar data), and bands 2–5 and 7 in Bhachau (1 May data), all at the 1σ level. For these bands, in the inverse mode, the 6S corrected surface reflectance was closer to field surface reflectance when estimated at-sensor radiances were used as input to the code. For AWiFS, there was no evidence of change in calibration coefficients of all four bands at the 1σ level. It was found that site spatial variability was a critical factor in estimating change in sensor calibration coefficients and influencing uncertainty in TOA radiance for all three sites.     

A study to estimate the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 5059 aluminium alloy joints

The influence of strain rate on the frictional behaviour of AA7075 aluminium alloy, in the O-annealed temper state, was studied. Attention was focused on the evaluation of the mechanisms affecting friction at high strain rate. To this purpose, axisymmetric and ring compression tests were carried out using the split Hopkinson tension-compression bar in the direct version. The flow curves were investigated in a wide range of strain rates using cylindrical specimens characterised by different slenderness ratios. The results of the axisymmetric compression tests showed an appreciable strain rate sensitivity of the deforming material with a marked increase in flow stress with strain rate in the dynamic loading condition. As far as the ring compression tests are concerned, different strain rates were obtained using hollow cylinders with different initial sizes. The analysis of the results showed that strain rate affects the variation of the inner ring diameter, irrespective of the height reduction and frictional condition. Axysimmetric and ring compression tests were also performed under the quasi-static loading condition and the experimental results did not show any appreciable effect of strain rate on flow curves and frictional behaviour. Finally, the different frictional behaviour between the quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions was attributed both to the reduction in the lubricant film thickness and change in the viscous actions at the specimen-tool interface.     

Patch antenna integrated on solar cells for green wireless communication: A feature oriented survey and design issues

An attractive solar-powered green wireless communication system is turning to all—pervasive that can maintain autonomously with solar energy. Solar cells are a type of integrated renewable energy source in the several antennas and microwave design applications. Solar energy has encountered marvelous development in a long time due to both innovative advancements coming about in taken toll diminished and government arrangements steady of renewable energy improvement and utilization. The technology related to the design and development of printed antennas is reflected as the basic empowering innovations for wireless communication systems. These innovations recognized with the plan and advancement of printed antenna has been ceaselessly improved from the auxiliary perspective on design to antenna features improvement. By using the exceptional attributes of solar cells, the execution of different microwave gadgets can be upgraded. This article explains the specialized point of view on the survey of the integration of solar cells with patch antenna and later works on the prominence of the theoretical outline, design approaches, fabrication complexities, and practical routines for green remote applications.     

Optimization of contact stress for the high contact ratio spur gears achieved through novel hob cutter

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - High contact ratio gears are used to minimize the stresses generated on the tooth surface. This research article represents an idea to enrich the contact strength of...     

Study on the DC supply and charging effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes and their electrochemical properties

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Preparation of chirality-defined few-walled CNT (FWCNT) is one of the major challenges in the carbon nanotube (CNT) fields. In the last two...     

Strengthening Effects at Dissimilar Metal Interfaces Created by Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) technology can produce structural materials with complex geometries and embedded sensors. Under UAM-processing...     

A novel cross-layer based priority aware scheduling scheme for QoE guaranteed video transmission over wireless networks

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The rapid proliferation of wireless networks increases the demand for video transmission in surveillance, online gaming, video streaming, and other applications....     

Preparation of diamond like carbon thin films above room temperature and their properties

Diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films were deposited on p-type silicon (p-Si), quartz and ITO substrates by microwave (MW) surface-wave plasma (SWP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at different substrate temperatures (RT ∼ 300 °C). Argon (Ar: 200 sccm) was used as carrier gas while acetylene (C₂H₂: 20 sccm) and nitrogen (N: 5 sccm) were used as plasma source. Analytical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR and UV–visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural and optical properties of the DLC thin films respectively. FT-IR spectra show the structural modification of the DLC thin films with substrate temperatures showing the distinct peak around 3350 cm^− 1 wave number; which may corresponds to the sp² C–H bond. Tauc optical gap and film thickness both decreased with increasing substrate temperature. The peaks of XPS core level C 1 s spectra of the DLC thin films shifted towards lower binding energy with substrate temperature. We also got the small photoconductivity action of the film deposited at 300 °C on ITO substrate.