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排序方式: 共有843条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Virus Matryoshka: A Bacteriophage Particle—Guided Molecular Assembly Approach to a Monodisperse Model of the Immature Human Immunodeficiency Virus 下载免费PDF全文
Pooja Saxena Li He Andrey Malyutin Siddhartha A. K. Datta Alan Rein Kevin M. Bond Martin F. Jarrold Alessandro Spilotros Dmitri Svergun Trevor Douglas Bogdan Dragnea 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(42):5862-5872
Immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is approximately spherical, but is constructed from a hexagonal lattice of the Gag protein. As a hexagonal lattice is necessarily flat, the local symmetry cannot be maintained throughout the structure. This geometrical frustration presumably results in bending stress. In natural particles, the stress is relieved by incorporation of packing defects, but the magnitude of this stress and its significance for the particles is not known. In order to control this stress, we have now assembled the Gag protein on a quasi‐spherical template derived from bacteriophage P22. This template is monodisperse in size and electron‐transparent, enabling the use of cryo‐electron microscopy in structural studies. These templated assemblies are far less polydisperse than any previously described virus‐like particles (and, while constructed according to the same lattice as natural particles, contain almost no packing defects). This system gives us the ability to study the relationship between packing defects, curvature and elastic energy, and thermodynamic stability. As Gag is bound to the P22 template by single‐stranded DNA, treatment of the particles with DNase enabled us to determine the intrinsic radius of curvature of a Gag lattice, unconstrained by DNA or a template. We found that this intrinsic radius is far larger than that of a virion or P22‐templated particle. We conclude that Gag is under elastic strain in a particle; this has important implications for the kinetics of shell growth, the stability of the shell, and the type of defects it will assume as it grows. 相似文献
62.
Shengyuan Xu James Lam Zhiping Lin Krzysztof Galkowski Wojciech Paszke Bartek Sulikowski 《International journal of control》2013,86(11):1047-1058
This paper considers the problem of positive real control for two-dimensional (2-D) discrete systems described by the Roesser model and also discrete linear repetitive processes, which are another distinct sub-class of 2-D linear systems of both systems theoretic and applications interest. The purpose of this paper is to design a dynamic output feedback controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and the closed-loop system transfer function from the disturbance to the controlled output is extended strictly positive real. We first establish a version of positive realness for 2-D discrete systems described by the Roesser state space model, then a sufficient condition for the existence of the desired output feedback controllers is obtained in terms of four LMIs. When these LMIs are feasible, an explicit parameterization of the desired output feedback controllers is given. We then apply a similar approach to discrete linear repetitive processes represented in their equivalent 1-D state-space form. Finally, we provide numerical examples to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. 相似文献
63.
The accuracy of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 3 1 km land surface temperature (LST) products was assessed through long-term validation carried out in a mountainous site in Sierra Nevada, southeast Spain. A total of 1458 day and night thermal images, acquired by Terra and Aqua satellites during 2008, were processed and compared to ground-truth data recorded at the meteorological station of Robledal de Cañar with a frequency of one measurement every 10 min. The purpose of this investigation was to understand whether MODIS LST data can be used as input for climate models to be constructed for mountainous environments. Several trends in the MODIS LST data were observed, including the underestimation of daytime values and the overestimation of night-time values. Although all the data sets (Terra and Aqua, diurnal and nocturnal) showed high correlation coefficients with ground measurements, only night values maintained a relatively high accuracy of approximately 2°C of annual average error. Factors that may cause errors in the MODIS LST data, like acquisition angle, cloud, and snow cover, were analysed without conclusive results. High accuracy levels, i.e. close to 1°C, similar to other validation studies carried out over simpler and much more homogenous land-cover types such as cultivated fields, have been achieved for night images acquired during the summer months, thus making these datasets reliable for their use in climatic models over mountainous regions. 相似文献
64.
Bogdan Marinescu 《International journal of control》2013,86(10):1568-1589
In this paper it is shown how the robustness and the coordination of the voltage regulation actions for the transmission grid can be improved. Simpler approaches which ensure higher robustness and performances can be used if the control objectives are pursued at two hierarchical levels of different nature. Also, this is a way to coordinate means of control of different nature with a sufficient time and methodological separation in order to avoid negative mutual influence. At the first level, called the static level, optimal reachable set-points are computed for the second control level, called the dynamic level. The static level can be combined with the shunt reactive power compensation. The system non-linearities are taken into account at the static level while the dynamic level is a linear robust predictive control which takes into account the presence of asynchronous transmission delays. The predictive control strategy is based on the separation property; the output delays are handled using an original steady-state Kalman predictor of order equal to the length of the state of the system without delays. The robustness is improved at the dynamic level against uncertain delays, parametric uncertainties (like, e.g., moderate topological errors and load variations not taken into account in the control model) and unmodelled dynamics. The two-level organisation of the control allows, on one hand, to take into account the important evolutions of the system (like, e.g., large and known topological and load changes) and, on the other hand, a coherent hybrid reactive power control: the switched control of the grid shunt compensation for the reactive power is done at the static level while the reactive power injection provided by the generators is continuously handled at the dynamic level. This is a theoretical analysis of how concepts of automatic control and voltage regulation of power systems can be combined. To be applied as a control scheme, the results presented here should be adapted to a specific context (particularities of the power system and of the organisation of the power industry). They can be used, eventually in conjunction with other improvements, to existing horizontally-organised interconnections (in which all generators of a controlled region can be easily managed since owned by the same utility) or to face specific requirements of moving to the open access in the electric power industry like, e.g., tolerating simplified models in order to cover larger regions, taking into account the interaction between regions, recalibrating set-points, assisting human operator when necessary or facilitating implementation of mechanisms for the management of the reactive power based on price signals. 相似文献
65.
Roque S. Soares Regina C. C. Monteiro Maria M. R. A. Lima Bogdan A. Sava Mihail Elisa 《Journal of Materials Science》2014,49(13):4601-4611
The crystallization kinetics and phase transformation of a transparent Tb3+-doped lithium–aluminum phosphate glass, prepared by melt quenching, were investigated. The energy associated to the glass transition and the crystallization parameters (activation energy for crystallization and Avrami exponent) were evaluated by different methods using the experimental data obtained by differential thermal analysis performed at different heating rates. Using an isoconversional method to determine the change of the activation energy for crystallization with the fraction of crystallization, it was verified that with the increase in the fraction of crystallization from 0.1 to 0.9, the value of the activation energy decreased slightly from ~370 to ~310 kJ mol?1 and that the Avrami exponent varied from 0.8 to 1, suggesting a surface crystal growth mechanism. Observation of the microstructural evolution of heat-treated glass samples confirmed a surface crystallization process revealing spherulitic crystals constituted mainly by aluminum metaphosphate. 相似文献
66.
Bogdan Bucur Gabriel Lucian Radu Constantin Nicolae Toader 《European Food Research and Technology》2008,226(6):1335-1342
A portable bienzymatic analytical system was developed for the chronoamperometric analysis of methanol–ethanol mixtures. The
system consists of two biosensors, one based on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) that responds only to the ethanol and the second
one based on alcohol oxidase (AOX) that responds to both methanol and ethanol. The transducers were screen-printed electrodes
(SPEs) modified with mediators: Meldola blue for ADH and Co-phthalocyanine for AOX. The calibration graph of the ADH biosensor
is linear between 0.3 and 8 mmol/L ethanol. The AOX biosensor is able to quantify both analytes in mixtures that contain methanol
between 3 and 70 mmol/L and ethanol ranging from 15 to 110 mmol/L. Interferences due to non-specific oxidations from common
oxidizable compounds like gallic acid and ascorbic acid were smaller in the case of transducer based on Meldola blue. The
analytical system was successfully tested on real samples: non-alcoholised beer (NAB) spiked with ethanol or methanol and
a falsified rose wine (FRW). 相似文献
67.
Hybrid Adaptive Control for Aerial Manipulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Matko Orsag Christopher Michael Korpela Stjepan Bogdan Paul Yu Oh 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2014,73(1-4):693-707
This paper presents a control scheme to achieve dynamic stability in a mobile manipulating unmanned aerial vehicle (MM-UAV) using a combination of Gain scheduling and Lyapunov based model reference adaptive control (MRAC). Our test flight results indicate that we can accurately model and control our aerial vehicle when both moving the manipulators and interacting with target objects. Using the Lyapunov stability theory, the controller is proven to be stable. The simulation results showed how the MRAC is capable of stabilizing the oscillations produced from the unstable PI-D attitude control loop. Finally a high level control system based on a switching automaton is proposed in order to ensure the saftey of the aerial manipulation missions. 相似文献
68.
The European Commission-DG JRC has an ongoing research activity on assessing the electricity end uses and energy saving potential, with particular attention to the residential sector. Better equipment efficiency is one of the fastest and most cost-effective responses to limiting growing demand for electricity and at the same time to reduce CO2 emissions [1]. 相似文献
69.
Riedel Silvia Gabrys Bogdan 《Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2009,21(12):1753-1766
In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of effects of applying different forecast diversification methods on the structure of the forecast error covariance matrices and decomposed forecast error components based on the bias-variance-Bayes error decomposition of James and Hastie. We express the "diversity” of different forecasts in relation to different error components and propose a measure in order to quantify it. We illustrate and discuss typical inhomogeneities frequently occurring in the forecast error covariance matrices and show that previously proposed pooling based only on error variances cannot fully exploit the complementary information present in a set of diverse forecasts to be combined. If covariance values could be reliably calculated, they could be taken into account during the pooling process. We study the difficult case in which covariance information cannot be measured properly and propose a novel simplified representation of the covariance matrix, which is only based on knowledge about the forecast generation process. Finally, we propose a new pooling approach that avoids inhomogeneities in the forecast error covariance matrix by considering the information contained in the simplified covariance representation and compare it with the error-variance-based pooling approach introduced by Aiolfi and Timmermann. Applying our approach more than once leads to the generation of multistep and multilevel forecast combination structures, which have generated significantly improved forecasts in our previous extensive experimental work; the summary of which is also provided. 相似文献
70.
The suppression of CH4 and CH3OH premixed flames with CBrF3 and CF3I is examined, using computational techniques. By combining sensitivity analysis, reaction pathway analysis (based on carbon,
hydrogen, bromine and iodine atom fluxes) and heat release estimation, we develop an explanation for the difference of suppression
efficiencies which is qualitatively consistent with experimental cup burner data. The key reaction steps and channels responsible
for the (apparent) higher inhibition efficiency of CF3I compared to CBrF3 in CH3OH premixed flames are disclosed, by combining reaction pathway and heat release contribution analysis. The reaction of bromine
atom dominates the decomposition channel for CH3OH but plays a relatively minor role in the activation of CH4, while I atom plays a minor role in CH3OH or CH4 activation. Accordingly, the rate of production of flame propagating radicals CH2O and OH is higher in a CH3OH–air–CBrF3 system than in a CH3OH–air–CF3I system. The overall conclusion is that CBrF3 contributes significantly to flame propagation for CH3OH fuel reactions and consequently more CBrF3 is required to extinguish a CH3OH flame than CF3I. Finally the explanation is validated by applying the reaction “switching-off” test. 相似文献