One sided indeterminism alone is not a useful resource to simulate any nonlocal correlation

Determinism, no signaling and measurement independence are some of the constraints required for framing Bell inequality. Any model simulating nonlocal correlations must either individually or jointly give up these constraints. Recently Hall (Phys Review A, 84:022102, 2011) derived different forms of Bell inequalities under the assumption of individual or joint relaxation of those constraints on both (i.e., two) the sides of a bipartite system. In this work, we have investigated whether one sided relaxation can also be a useful resource for simulating nonlocal correlations or not. We have derived Bell-type inequalities under the assumption of joint relaxation of these constraints only by one party of a bipartite system. Interestingly, we found that any amount of randomness in correlations of one party in absence of signaling between two parties is incapable of showing any sort of Bell–CHSH violation, whereas signaling and measurement dependence individually can simulate any nonlocal correlations. We have also completed the proof of a recent conjecture due to Hall (Phys. Rev. A 82:062117, 2010; Phys. Rev. A 84:022102, 2011) for one-sided relaxation scenario only.     

A boundary element formulation for design sensitivities in materially nonlinear problems

Summary This paper presents a formulation for the determination of design sensitivities for shape optimization in materially nonlinear problems. This approach is based on direct differentiation (DDA) of the relevant boundary element method (BEM) formulation of the problem. It combines the accuracy advantages of the BEM without the difficulty of dealing with strongly singular kernels. This approach provides a new avenue towards efficient shape optimization of small strain elastic-viscoplastic and elastic-plastic problems.With 1 Figure     

Boundary element method analysis of bending of inelastic plates with general boundary conditions

This paper presents an accurate boundary element method (BEM) formulation for the bending of inelastic Kirchhoff plates subjected to general boundary conditions. This approach is an extension of earlier work by the authors of this paper and other co-workers on elastic plate deformation where they had proposed a three-equation BEM scheme. Numerical results presented here include plates with cutouts and free edges. A rate type constitutive model is used here to describe nonelastic deformation behavior of the plate material.This research was performed while G.-S. Song was a visiting Scientist at Cornell University     

An analysis of the role of grain size on superplasticity of γ titanium aluminides

The superplastic data for several microcrystalline and submicrocrystalline TiAl alloys has been analyzed to establish the rate controlling mechanism. The results show that the lattice diffusion controlled slip-accommodated grain boundary sliding mechanism is operative for the entire grain size range, 150 nm–20 m. The detail of the nature of ₂ phase, i.e. ordered or disordered, does not influence the kinetics of superplastic flow. The optimum superplastic temperature decreases with the decrease in grain size. The optimum superplastic flow stress shows an intrinsic inverse dependence on the grain size. This grain size dependence of the optimum superplastic flow stress can be explained as the stress required to nucleate dislocations from grain boundary edge during slip accommodation of grain boundary sliding. Superplasticity in nanocrystalline TiAl remains an intriguing possibility because it has the potential for increasing the optimal superplastic strain rate or alternatively, decreasing the superplastic forming temperatures.     

The effects of endothelin-A receptor blockade during the progression of pacing-induced congestive heart failure

OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify the effects of endothelin (ET) subtype-A (ET(A))) receptor blockade during the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) on left ventricle (LV) function and contractility. BACKGROUND: Congested heart failure causes increased plasma levels of ET and ET(A) receptor activation. METHODS: Yorkshire pigs were assigned to four groups: 1) CHF: 240 beats/min for 3 weeks; n=7; 2) CHF/ET(A)-High Dose: paced for 2 weeks then ET(A) receptor blockade (BMS 193884, 50 mg/kg, b.i.d.) for the last week of pacing; n=6; 3) CHF/ET(A)-Low Dose: pacing for 2 weeks then ET(A) receptor blockade (BMS 193884, 12.5 mg/kg, b.i.d.) for the last week, n=6; and 4) Control: n=8. RESULTS: Left ventricle fractional shortening decreased with CHF compared with control (12+/-1 vs. 39+/-1%, p < 0.05) and increased in the CHF/ET(A) High and Low Dose groups (23+/-3 and 25+/-1%, p < 0.05). The LV peak wall stress and wall force increased approximately twofold with CHF and remained increased with ET(A) receptor blockade. With CHF, systemic vascular resistance increased by 120%, was normalized in the CHF/ET(A) High Dose group, and fell by 43% from CHF values in the Low Dose group (p < 0.05). Plasma catecholamines increased fourfold in the CHF group and were reduced by 48% in both CHF/ET(A) blockade groups. The LV myocyte velocity of shortening was reduced with CHF (32+/-3 vs. 54+/-3 microm/s, p < 0.05), was higher in the CHF/ET(A) High Dose group (39+/-1 microm/s, p < 0.05), and was similar to CHF values in the Low Dose group. CONCLUSIONS: ET(A) receptor activation may contribute to the progression of LV dysfunction with CHF.     

Creep cavity growth from tritium-induced helium bubbles in nickel

The growth of grain boundary cavities in nickel under creep conditions was investigated. Growth could be studied unambiguously and without the complications of radiation damage due to a unique sample preparation technique making use of the tritium-to-helium’ decay reaction. Resultant helium bubbles served effectively as creep cavity nuclei, the growth of which led to premature intergranular fracture. Constant stress tension creep tests under argon were performed on helium embrittled samples, revealing information on the stress and temperature dependence of the creep-fracture process. The cavity spacing developed during primary creep by bubble migration and coalescence persisted to fracture. Bulk plastic deformation was strongly suppressed by a matrix bubble population which stabilized a finer subgrain network than is characteristic of virgin nickel. This enhanced creep resistance permitted observation of a stress region in which void growth was controlled by classical Hull-Rimmer grain boundary vacancy diffusion. At higher stresses a transition to plasticity control appeared to take place. These results are interpreted in terms of a coupled grain boundary diffusive/ matrix plasticity model. This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Crack Propagation under Creep and Creep-Fatigue" presented at the TMS/AIME fall meeting in Orlando, FL, in October 1986, under the auspices of the ASM Flow and Fracture Committee.     

The hypersingular boundary contour method for two-dimensional linear elasticity

Summary This paper presents a novel method called the Hypersingular Boundary Contour Method (HBCM) for two-dimensional (2-D) linear elastostatics. This new method can be considered to be a variant of the standard Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the Boundary Contour Method (BCM) because: (a) a regularized form of the hypersingular boundary integral equation (HBIE) is employed as the starting point, and (b) the above regularized form is then converted to a boundary contour version based on the divergence free property of its integrand. Therefore, as in the 2-D BCM, numerical integrations are totally eliminated in the 2-D HBCM. Furthermore, the regularized HBIE can be collocated at any boundary point on a body where stresses are physically continuous. A full theoretical development for this new method is addressed in the present work. Selected examples are also included and the numerical results obtained are uniformly accurate.     

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, AT1 receptor inhibition, and combination therapy with pacing induced heart failure: effects on left ventricular performance and regional blood flow patterns

BACKGROUND: AT1 receptor activation has been demonstrated to cause increased vascular resistance properties which may be of particular importance in the setting of congestive heart failure (CHF). The overall goal of this study was to examine the effects of ACE inhibition (ACEI) alone, AT1 receptor blockade alone and combined ACEI and AT1 receptor blockade on LV pump function, systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flow patterns in the normal state and with the development of pacing induced CHF, both at rest and with treadmill induced exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pigs (25 kg) were instrumented in order to measure cardiac output (CO), systemic (SVR) and pulmonary vascular (PVR) resistance, neurohormonal system activity, and myocardial blood flow distribution in the conscious state and assigned to one of 4 groups: (1) rapid atrial pacing (240 bpm) for 3 weeks (n = 7); (2) ACEI (benazeprilat, 3.75 mg/day) and pacing (n = 7); (3) AT1 receptor blockade (valsartan, 60 mg/day) and rapid pacing (n = 7); and (4) ACEI and AT1 receptor blockade (benazeprilat/valsartan, 1/60 mg/day, respectively) and pacing (n = 7). Measurements were obtained at rest and with treadmill exercise (15 degrees, 3 miles/h; 10 min) in the normal control state and after the completion of the treatment protocols. With rapid pacing, CO was reduced at rest and with exercise compared to controls. ACEI or AT1 blockade normalized CO at rest, but remained lower than control values with exercise. Combination therapy normalized CO both at rest and with exercise. Resting SVR in the CHF group was higher than controls and SVR fell to a similar degree with exercise; all treatment groups reduced resting SVR. With exercise, SVR was reduced from rapid pacing values in the ACEI and combination therapy groups. PVR increased by over 4-fold in the rapid pacing group both at rest and with exercise, and was reduced in all treatment groups. In the combination therapy group, PVR was similar to control values with exercise. Plasma catecholamines and endothelin levels were increased by over 3-fold with chronic rapid pacing, and were reduced in all treatment groups. In the combination therapy group, the relative increase in catecholamines and endothelin with exercise were significantly blunted when compared to rapid pacing only values. LV myocardial blood flow at rest was reduced in the rapid pacing only and monotherapy groups, but was normalized with combination therapy. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that with developing CHF, combined ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade improved vascular resistive properties and regional blood flow distribution to a greater degree than that of either treatment alone. Thus, combined ACEI and AT1 receptor blockade may provide unique benefits in the setting of CHF.