Attention structure, sociometric status, and dominance: Interrelations, behavioral correlates, and relationships to social competence.

To evaluate the interrelationships and external correlates of 3 potential measures of social competence (SC), a preschool class of 22 4-yr-olds was observed during free play throughout 1 school year. Ranks based on distribution of visual regard among peers, sociometric scores, and competitive dominance interactions were derived from data collected during each term. In addition, observations of play behavior and of aggression were collected throughout the year. Attention rank and sociometric scores were highly correlated and were substantially stable across terms. Dominance was not strongly related to attention rank or to sociometric scores and was less stable across time. The stability of the play and aggression data varied from category to category as did relationships between these categories and the status measures. Evidence demonstrates that attention rank is related to SC and is not a function of disruptive behavior, activity level, or proximity to adults. A relationship was also found between visual regard among peers and the social structure of the preschool play group. It is suggested that SC, broadly conceived, is a more salient basis for social organization among preschool peers than either the distribution of attention per se or competition/dominance relationships. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of micronising on the utilisation of field beans (Vicia faba L.) by the young chick

The major changes in the composition of field beans (Vicia faba L.) caused by micronising were as follows: the moisture content was reduced from 16.5 to 13.2%, the trypsin inhibitor activity reduced from 2.49 to 0.21 trypsin inhibitor units/mg dry matter and the available carbohydrate content raised from 40.6 to 50.2%. Growth and food consumption of broiler chicks from 1 to 2 weeks of age were not affected significantly when micronised beans replaced raw beans in their diets at a level of 300 g/kg. However, food conversion efficiency, apparent dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention were significantly improved and pancreas size significantly reduced when the birds were fed the diet containing the micronised beans. The nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy (m.e.) of the diet containing 500 g of micronised beans/kg (10.88 MJ/kg) was significantly higher than that of a diet containing 500 g of raw beans/kg (10.33 MJ/kg). It was calculated that the m.e. of the beans had been raised from 10.59 to 11.67 MJ/kg dry matter by micronisation. The improvement in nutritive value is attributed partly to the destruction of the trypsin inhibitor and partly to the increased availability of the carbohydrate fraction of the beans.     

Further thoughts on the National Board of Examiners in Psychology.

Responds to comments by N. L. Berg (1973) on B. Coates's (1973) proposal for a National Board of Examiners in Psychology. Coates defends this proposal by stating that such a board would be useful in providing national standards and examinations for licensing the PhD in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The complete analysis of the polyorganosiloxanes formed by the trimethylsilylation of the minerals olivine and suzorite

Methods are reported for the separation and complete quantitative estimation of the polyorganosiloxanes prepared by the trimethylsilylation of mineral silicates. Quantitative methods for the determination of low molecular weight oligomers up to Q₆M₁₂ (Q≡SiO_4/2; M≡(CH₃)₃SiO_1/2) are well known but there are no previously reported methods for the determination of high molecular weight species. This paper describes the application of gel permeation chromatography and quantitative high performance liquid chromatography to the study of these higher molecular weight species. Polyorganosiloxanes prepared from suzorite (a phlogopite) and from olivine (an orthosilicate) are used as examples. A further example is a study of the formation of higher molecular weight species on heating these polymers.     

A Multimedia Application for Teaching Design for Manufacturing

This paper describes the interactive multimedia injection molding tutor developed at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The purpose of the tutor is to use visually stimulating animations in order to enable the user, a student or anyone not familiar with the process of injection molding, in understanding the relationship between part design and the ease or difficulty of producing the part. Preliminary evaluations indicate that the tutor can be successful in achieving these objectives.     

Amygdala central nucleus lesions attenuate acoustic startle stimulus-evoked heart rate changes in rats.

Amygdala central nucleus (CNA) lesions were used to test the hypothesis that stimulus-evoked heart rate changes can reflect the development of fear during acoustic startle testing A 120-dB white noise startle stimulus produced freezing as well as phasic heart rate accelerations and decelerations, and an abrupt decrease in tonic heart rate, in sham-operated rats. These responses were all significantly reduced in CNA-lesioned rats. In contrast, an 87-dB stimulus elicited only significant phasic decelerations that were similarly attenuated by the CNA lesions. In a follow-up experiment. the CNA lesions also attenuated phasic cardiac decelerations evoked by a conditioned stimulus-like, 85-dB pure tone. The results support the contention (B. J. Young & R. N. Leaton, see record 1995-12737-001) that heart rate changes can reflect fear conditioned during acoustic startle testing and, in addition, suggest that the amygdala mediates responses to nonsignal acoustic stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phase separation in non-solvent/dimethylformamide/polyethersulphone and non-solvent/dimethylformamide/polysulphone systems

The cloud point curves for the ternary solutions non-solvent/dimethyl-formamide/polyethersulphone and non-solvent/dimethylformamide/polysul-phone were determined by a titration technique, at 303 K. In both systems the following order of increasing non-solvent content at the cloud point was obtained: water < methanol < ethanol < 1-propanol < acetone < carbon tetrachloride. For each non-solvent the cloud point curve for the PES system occurred at higher non-solvent concentrations than for the corresponding PSN system.     

Slip-line field solutions for three-point notch-bend specimens

The slip-line field solutions for three-point bend specimens are reviewed for both deep and shallow notches. Plastic constraint factors, hydrostatic stress at the notch root and rotation constant to enable the crack upp opening displacement to be determined are given for a wide range of notch geometries. These values can be used in the fracture analysis of low strength metal specimens.

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Résumé On passe en revue les solutions décrivant les champs de bandes de glissement dans des éprouvettes de flexion sur trois appuis, dans les deux cas d'entailles peu profondes. On fournit pour une large gamme de géométries d'entaille les facteurs de retraint plastique, les contraintes hydrostatiques à la racine de l'entaille et la constante de rotation permettant de déterminer le COD à l'extrémité de la fissure. Ces valeurs peuvent être utilisées pour l'analyse de la rupture des éprouvettes de métaux à faible résistance.