A floating-gate analog memory device for neural networks

A floating-gate MOSFET device that can be used as a precision analog memory for neural network LSIs is described. This device has two floating gates. One is a charge-injection gate with a Fowler-Nordheim tunnel junction, and the other is a charge-storage gate that operates as a MOSFET floating gate. The gates are connected by high resistance, and the charge-injection gate is small so that its capacitance is much less than that of the charge-storage gate. By applying control pulses to the charge-injection gate, it is possible to charge and discharge the MOSFET floating gate in order to modify the MOSFET current with high resolution over 10 b. The charge injection can be carried out without disturbing the MOSFET output current with high voltage control pulses. This device is useful for on-chip learning in analog neural network LSIs     

P-MOSFET's with ultra-shallow solid-phase-diffused drain structureproduced by diffusion from BSG gate-sidewall

A p-MOSFET structure with solid-phase diffused drain (SPDD) is proposed for future 0.1-μm and sub-0.1-μm devices. Highly doped ultrashallow p⁺ source and drain junctions have been obtained by solid-phase diffusion from a highly doped borosilicate glass (BSG) sidewall. The resulting shallow, high-concentration drain profile significantly improves short channel effects without increasing parasitic resistance. At the same time, an in situ highly-boron-doped LPCVD polysilicon gate is introduced to prevent the transconductance degradation which arises in ultrasmall p-MOSFETs with lower process temperature as a result of depletion formation in the p⁺-polysilicon gate. Excellent electrical characteristics and good hot-carrier reliability are achieved     

New substrates of papain, based on the conserved sequence of natural inhibitors of the cystatin family

A discontinuous borate/formate buffer system is presented for horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments. The resolution potential of the system could be altered by changing the total monomer concentration (5-9%T), the concentration of the crosslinker piperazine diacrylamide (2-5%CPDA), as well as the concentration of formate in the gel (40-120 mM), the leading ion of the buffer system. The separation of DNA fragments would be improved by increasing the migration distance from 22 to 28 cm. This discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system proved highly reproducible.     

A single-chip 12.7 Mchips/s digital IF BPSK direct sequencespread-spectrum transceiver in 1.2 μm CMOS

This paper describes a fully integrated digital-spread spectrum transceiver chip fabricated through MOSIS in 1.2 μm CMOS. It includes a baseband spread spectrum transmitter and a coherent intermediate frequency (IF) receiver consisting of a Costas loop, an acquisition loop for the pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, and a clock recovery loop with a 406.4 MHz onchip numerically controlled oscillator (NCO). The transceiver is capable of operating at a maximum IF sampling rate of 50.8 MS/s and a maximum chip rate of 12.7 R Mchips/s (Mcps) with selectable data rates of 100, 200, 400, and 800 kbps. At the maximum operating speed of 50.8 R MS/s, it dissipates 1.1 W. In an additive white Gaussian noise channel the IF receiver achieves a receiver output SNR within 1 dB of theory and can acquire code with a wide range of input SNR from -17 dB to over 30 dB. The transceiver chip has been interfaced to an RF up/down converter to demonstrate a wireless voice/data/video link operating in the 902-928 MHz band     

Multipoint communication: a survey of protocols, functions, andmechanisms

Group communication supports information transfer between a set of participants. It is becoming more and more relevant in distributed environments. For distributed or replicated data, it provides efficient communication without overloading the network. For some types of multimedia applications, it is the only way to control data transmission to group members. This paper surveys protocol functions and mechanisms for data transmission within a group, from multicast routing problems up to end-to-end multipoint transmission control. We provide a bibliography which is organized by topic     

Local staging with CT of tumors of the upper urothelium

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of computerized tomography (CT) to stage transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. METHODS: 29 transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract submitted to nephroureterectomy were retrospectively evaluated. All 29 tumors had preoperative CT scans performed to stage the lesion. The pathological staging was compared to that of CT. RESULTS: 10 of the 29 tumors had CT evidence of tumor extension and 19 had localized noninvasive tumor on CT. Of the 10 patients with CT findings of tumor extension, 2 (20%) had superficial tumors and 8 (80%) had tumors that invaded into the adventitial fat, renal parenchyma or perirenal fat (pT3, pT4). Of the 19 patients with localized noninvasive tumor on CT, 13 (68%) had superficial tumors and 6 (32%) had pT3 or pT4 tumors. CT sensitivity for tumor invasion was 57% with a specificity of 87.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that CT is of limited value in staging these tumors. When CT demonstrates direct tumor extension through the renal pelvic or ureteral wall, it is a sensitive indicator of high-stage tumor. However, the results obtained in low stage tumors must be viewed with caution.     

Annual changes in serum vitellogenin concentrations in viviparous eelpout, Zoarces elongatus

Vitellogenin of matrotrophic viviparous eelpout (Zoarces elongatus) was purified from estradiol-17 beta (E2) treated immature male sera by gel chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. Isolated vitellogenin has a molecular weight of 540 kDa estimated by gel chromatography. Serum levels of vitellogenin in females were measured during oocyte development and gestation by single radial immunodiffusion. Serum vitellogenin level was low (less than 0.2 mg/ml) during the early vitellogenic period, increased in the late vitellogenic period to a peak level (6.4 +/- 2.1 mg/ml) at the beginning of gestation. After that it rapidly decreased to a low level (0.1 +/- 0.1 mg/ml) during the early gestation period. Levels of vitellogenin remained low throughout the gestation period. Serum E2 levels in females showed increased from 1.3 to 3.0 ng/ml during the late vitellogenic period, and declined to 0.4 ng/ml during the early gestation period. Serum levels of E2 showed good correlation with serum vitellogenin levels, suggesting that the vitellogenin synthesis is controlled by E2 in this species. These results combined with the matrotrophic growth of embryo during gestation suggest that there is a shift in the synthesis of maternal nutritional products for embryos from the yolk to other nutrients.     

Zu einem Phänomen der Lochkorrosionsbegrenzung bei hochlegierten Sonderedelstählen und NiCrMo-Legierungen in Chloridlösungen

On a phenomenon of the limitation of pitting corrosion at high alloyed special stainless steels and NiCrMo-alloys in chloride solutions Testing the pitting corrosion resistance of high alloyed special stainless steels and NiCrMo-alloys in chloride solutions there was observed a limitation of the pitting corrosion range toward more positive potentials. Above this limitation, the so-called pitting corrosion limitation potential, the pit initiation by all means is prevented, but the growth of pits which had been initiated before in the pitting corrosion range not necessarily comes to a stop. Therefore current density-potential curves which are obtained by downward polarization after an initial potential jump into the transpassive region and chronopotentiostatic tests are more suitable to investigate this phenomenon than cyclic polarization measurements and potentiostatic alteration tests. There is indicated a dependence of this phenomenon on temperature. The phenomenon of a limitation of the pitting corrosion range toward more positive potentials has been found until now at alloy 926, alloy 31, alloy 28, alloy 59 and alloy C-276.