湿法磷酸装置三废治理新进展

湿法磷酸装置排放的三废对环境危害较大 ,尤其是废水治理长期以来尚未得到全面控制。阐述了某新建的湿法磷酸装置从工艺流程上通盘考虑 ,采用多次串级利用 ,实现污水全封闭、零排放的流程 ,达到了由清到浊、由冷到热 ,多次利用、自身消化 ,实现平衡、避免污染的目的 ,并介绍了废气和废渣治理的新措施。指出应坚持精心操作和维护 ,巩固已取得的三废治理成果     

2,6-二乙酰基吡啶合成方法的改进

优化了2，6—二乙酰基吡啶的合成工艺。以2，6—吡啶二羧酸为原料，经过醇化及克莱森酯缩合反应，合成了2，6—二乙酰基吡啶，2，6—吡啶二羧酸二乙醇和2，6—二乙酰基吡啶的分离收率分别为94．1％和88．9％，2，6—二乙酰基毗啶的质量分数大于99％。     

如何提高预焙铝电解槽阳极质量

预焙阳极的质量已严重制约铝电解技术的发展，必须予以足够的重视．国外在提高阳极质量方面的有效措施，可以供国内阳极工厂技术改造及科研攻关借鉴．     

氯化聚丙烯改性胶粘剂的合成及粘附性能研究

以甲苯为溶剂，过氧化二苯甲酰(BP0)为引发剂，通过自由基聚合，采用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)和苯乙烯(St)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP)。研究了不同苯乙烯用量、不同反应温度、不同反应时间、不同引发剂用量对改性氯化聚丙烯胶粘剂粘附性能的影响，得出较佳的工艺条件为反应温度90℃，反应时问2h，原料配比m(CPP)：m(HEMA)：m(St)：m(BPO)=50：0．5：0．6：0．15。     

Low-Temperature Aging of t-ZrO2 Polycrystals with 3 mol% Y2O3

A kinetic study of the aging behavior of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZPs) from 100° to 500°C suggests that there exists a cricital grain size of 0.52 μm below which the tetragonal symmetry can be retained. Property degradation of TZPs at low temperatures is connected with transformation-induced microcracking. It is reported here that the temperature range of 100° to 400°C in which degradation occurs could be explained by an infinite incubation time for the lower limit and by the martensite starting temperature for the upper limit.     

合成氢化松香乙酯的新工艺研究

以DRC为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,通过氢化松香与乙醇的直接酯化反应合成氢化松香乙酯。探索了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、物料配比等因素对反应酯化率的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度180℃,催化剂用量为原料氢化松香质量的6%,反应时间6h,醇与酸的摩尔比为3∶1。在最佳条件下酯化率达92.2%。还探讨了用阴离子交换树脂柱层析分离纯化氢化松香乙酯粗产物的方法。此外,利用红外光谱对氢化松香乙酯精制产物进行了表征;用GC-MS分别对氢化松香乙酯粗产物及其精制产物进行了定性和定量分析,比较了柱层析前后化学组成的变化。     

Poly(3‐chlorothiophene) films prepared by the direct electrochemical oxidation of 3‐chlorothiophene in mixed electrolytes of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and sulfuric acid

3‐Chlorothiophene (CT) was electrochemically polymerized in mixed electrolytes of a boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution containing 0–20% (by volume) sulfuric acid. The oxidation potentials of the monomer in these media were measured to be only 1.06–1.31 V (vs Ag/AgCl). These values were much lower than that of CT in acetonitrile and 0.1 mol/L (Bu)₄NBF₄ (1.92 V vs Ag/AgCl). Poly(3‐chlorothiophene) (PCT) films with conductivities of 0.1–2 S cm^?1 were obtained. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical behavior of the PCT films also were investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 502–509, 2003     

Strain-induced crystallization,Part IV: Induction time analysis

The empirical equation, 1/t_i = Ae^Ei/RT, which expresses the exponential dependence of the reciprocal of crystallization induction time, t_i, has been analyzed and shown to be equivalent to the nucleation rate equations derived earlier in Part III (1). Consequently we have used the t_i measurements obtained earlier by Krueger and Yeh to calculate not only the nucleation rate enhancements but also the melting point elevations, the relative crystal thickness changes and molecular coil extension ratios of shear-crystallization polyethylene. It is shown that polyethylene when crystallized between 129 and 131°C at shear rates between 1.56 and 9.70 sec^?1 can have melting point increases of 4.2 to 7.2°C and crystal thickness decreases of 20 to 25 percent, when compared to those crystallized at 130°C in the quiescent state. The predicted “coil” extension in the melt just prior to shear-induced crystallization ranges between 21 and 36 percent. The results of these analyses as well as those on nucleation rates of polyethylene oxide are discussed in detail.     

石油钻采机械用橡胶气囊的研制

橡胶气囊是石油钻采设备上常用的一种刹车装置。介绍了橡胶气囊的模具设计、铜气嘴的处理、排气槽的加工布置等整个研制过程。经试验，生产制作的橡胶气囊完全达到设计要求。