Boundary formulations for shape sensitivity of temperature dependent conductivity problems

Used in concert with the Kirchhoff transformation, implicit differentiation of the discretized boundary integral equations governing the conduction of heat in solids with temperature dependent thermal conductivity is shown to generate an accurate and economical approach for computation of shape sensitivities. For problems with specified temperature and heat flux boundary conditions, a linear problem results for both the analysis and sensitivity analysis. In problems with either convection or radiation boundary conditions, a non-linear problem is generated. Several iterative strategies are presented for the solution of the resulting sets of non-linear equations and the computational performances examined in detail. Multi-zone analysis and zone condensation strategies are demonstrated to provide substantive computational economies in this process for models with either localized non-iinear boundary conditions or regions of geometric insensitivity to design variables. A series of non-linear example problems is presented that have closed form solutions. Exact anaytical expressions tor the shape sensitivities associated with these problems are developed and these are compared with the sensitivities computed using the boundary element formulation.     

Quantitative NMR spectroscopy by matrix pencil methods

The matrix pencil (MP) method, based on the singular value decomposition (SVD), is applied to quantitative NMR spectroscopy. Its relationship to other SVD-based methods is also presented. Simulations and applications are given to demonstrate the capability of superior performance.©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc     

方盒形带凸缘件的板料形状优化设计

本文用大变形刚塑性有限元模拟正方形板料在方冲头拉延下的凸缘变形过程，并以所获得的工件形状与金属流动方向为依据，对初始板料形状进行修正。对修正后的坯料形状进行二次模拟，获得了与给定凸缘形状基本吻合的拉延件形状。文中对不同凸缘圆角对极料优化形状的影响作了计算，讨论了在保证边界轮廓位置不变的条件下网格划分的方法。     

红外光控器在蜜丸包装机上的应用

中药大蜜丸及所用包装材料软、粘、轻、小、光,较难实现机械化自动包装。通常的监控方法不适合蜜丸的自动包装。采用红外线光电控制器,解决了自动包装蜜丸时出现的瞬间无纸、无丸等自动控制。     

Myofibroblast accumulation induced by transforming growth factor-beta is involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps

Myofibroblasts that express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) are detected in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inducer of myofibroblast accumulation in tissues. In this study, scattered myofibroblasts and TGF-beta were quantified and localized in nasal polyps (NPs) and normal nasal mucosa (NM). NPs were sampled in 16 patients during ethmoidectomy and NM was obtained from 10 control subjects during rhinoplasty. alpha-SMA and TGF-beta were detected using immunohistochemistry and the numbers of labeled cells were quantified (alpha-SMA and TGF-beta indices) and compared between NPs and NM. In eight NPs, in which the pedicle was preserved, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta were evaluated and compared in the pedicle, central, and tip areas. Finally, TGF-beta expression was compared between low (zone 1), moderate (zone 2), and high (zone 3) zones of alpha-SMA positivity. alpha-SMA and TGF-beta indices were significantly higher in NPs than in NM. In the eight selected NPs, alpha-SMA-positive cells were significantly more abundant in the pedicle than in the central and tip areas, whereas TGF-beta-positive cells were significantly more numerous in the pedicle than in the tip area. The number of TGF-beta-positive cells was significantly higher in zone 3 than in zone 1 of alpha-SMA positivity. Myofibroblasts, which are abundant in NPs but rare in NM, could be involved in the growth of NPs by inducing extracellular matrix accumulation. The local development of myofibroblasts in NPs could be controlled by TGF-beta, locally produced by inflammatory cells.     

数据融合在C^3I系统中的应用

多传感器数据融合技术已在军事领域受到广泛重视，并逐步走向实际应用，本文简要介绍它的一般组成、特点以及在军事Ｃ＾３Ｉ系统应用中的主要功效。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of RE[CH_2(CH_2)_4CONC_4H_9]_3(NO_3)_3(RE=Dy,La)

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S频段大功率振荡用砷化镓场效应晶体管的微波性能

对WC76型S频段大功率振荡用砷化镓场效应晶体管的微波性能作了介绍。文中给出了测试振荡器的设计。测试结果表明,WC76型振荡管在s频段的微波性能良好,振荡频率在3GHz左右时,输出功率可达3.5w,直流—射频转换效率可达44％,而且在2～4GHz的整个S频段均能满意地工作。     

Adaptive control of arterial blood pressure with a learningcontroller based on multilayer neural networks

The authors discuss a two-model multilayer neural network controller for adaptive control of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) using sodium nitroprusside. A model with an autoregressive moving average (ARMA), representing the dynamics of the system, and a modified backpropagation training algorithm are used to design the control system to meet specified objectives of design (settling time and undershoot/overshoot) and clinical constraints. The controller is associated with a weighting-determinant unit (WDU) to determine and update the output weighting factor of the parallel two-model neural network for adequate control action and a control-signal modification unit (CMU) to comply with clinical constraints and to suppress the effect of adverse noise and to improve the WDU performance. Extensive computer simulations indicate satisfactory performance and robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of much noise, over the full range of plant parameters, uncertainties, and large variations of parameters     

Characterization of hollow fiber membranes in a permeator using binary gas mixtures

We have studied the CO₂/CH₄ mixed gas permeation through hollow fiber membranes in a permeator. An approach to characterize the true separation performance of hollow fiber membranes for binary gas mixtures was provided based on experiments and simulations. Experiments were carried out to measure the retentate and permeate flow rates and compositions at each outlet. The influences of pressure drop within the hollow fibers, non-ideal gas behavior in the mixture and concentration polarization were taken into consideration in the mathematics model. The calculation results indicate that the net influence of the non-ideal gas behavior, competitive sorption and plasticization yields the calculated CO₂ permeance in a mixed gas permeator close to that obtained in pure gas tests. Whereas the CH₄ permeance is higher in the mixed gas tests than that in the pure gas tests, as the plasticization caused by CO₂ dominates the permeation process. As a result, the CO₂/CH₄ mixed gas selectivity is smaller than those obtained in pure gas tests at equivalent pressures.The calculated membrane performance shows little changes with stage cut if the effect of concentration polarization is accounted for in the calculation. The integration method developed in this study could provide more accurate characterizations of mixed gas permeance of hollow membranes than other estimation methods, as our model considers the roles of non-ideal gas behavior and concentration polarization properly.