白酒质量鉴别

讨论了鉴别中国白酒质量的各项指标。即白酒质量可用感官、理化、卫生等指标来鉴别,而不能以生产工艺、生产原料来鉴别。以食用酒精为原料或部分以食用酒精为原料,经香料调配而成的调配型白酒应当得到认可。     

Theophylline‐loaded pectin‐based hydrogels. I. Effect of medium pH and preparation conditions on drug release profile

In this study, a series of theophylline‐loaded calcium pectin gel films were prepared in three different Ca⁺² concentrations with three different methods for wound dressing applications. Drug release performance of the films were investigated in four different medium pH in order to mimic wound healing pH conditions. Hydrogel films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Their absorbency (fluid handling), swelling behavior, dehydration rate, dispersion characteristic, dressing pH determination, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, surface contact angle, flexibility, Shore A hardness, mean mass per unit area and thickness were determined. The effect of the hydrogels on wound healing was evaluated with an in vitro wound healing assay. After evaluating all data, we suggested that the hydrogel film prepared with swelling method using 7% or 10% crosslinker and dried at 26 °C is more suitable for controlled drug release process. We showed that between pH 3.25 and 7.12 the form of the hydrogel did not change, and drug release was continuous. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46731.     

Compressive moduli and network parameters of N‐isopropylacrylamide hydrogels copolymerized by monoesters of itaconic acid and crosslinked with tetraallylammonium bromide

The present study focuses on the mechanical properties of hydrophilically or hydrophobically modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels, and all discussions on their improved mechanical strengths are based on the conformational effects of hydrophobic side chains attached to the comonomers and the structural differences between the crosslinkers. Three different types of monoalkyl itaconates, bearing octyl (Oc), cetyl (Ce), and cyclohexyl (CH) groups as comonomers, were used to prepare the copolymeric PNIPAAm hydrogels crosslinked with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and tetraallylammonium bromide (TAB) as neutral tetrafunctional and ionic octafunctional crosslinkers, respectively. The most striking result is the compressive E modulus of TAB‐crosslinked PNIPAAm hydrogel containing 10 mol % of mOcI. It reaches nearly 1.0 MPa and is independent of the temperature and pH of the swelling/shrinking medium. The result was discussed in terms of the inter/intramolecular interactions between hydrophobic octyl groups adopting a rod‐like conformation in the case of 25 °C/distilled deionized water (DDW) and 37 °C/DDW combinations. Further, it was observed that the electrostatic repulsive forces between the carboxylate groups on mOcI units could be suppressed even at 37 °C and pH 9 due to the rod‐like conformations of C₈H₁₇ groups. Its micrographs under bright‐field and polarized light supported the presence of an ordered anisotropic phase and multiple associations of extended, hydrophobic side chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45039.     

Bicriteria robotic cell scheduling

This paper considers the scheduling problems arising in two- and three-machine manufacturing cells configured in a flowshop which repeatedly produces one type of product and where transportation of the parts between the machines is performed by a robot. The cycle time of the cell is affected by the robot move sequence as well as the processing times of the parts on the machines. For highly flexible CNC machines, the processing times can be changed by altering the machining conditions at the expense of increasing the manufacturing cost. As a result, we try to find the robot move sequence as well as the processing times of the parts on each machine that not only minimize the cycle time but, for the first time in robotic cell scheduling literature, also minimize the manufacturing cost. For each 1-unit cycle in two- and three-machine cells, we determine the efficient set of processing time vectors such that no other processing time vector gives both a smaller cycle time and a smaller cost value. We also compare these cycles with each other to determine the sufficient conditions under which each of the cycles dominates the rest. Finally, we show how different assumptions on cost structures affect the results.     

Differentiating the impact of episodic and chronic stressors on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation in young women.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the impact of episodic stress and chronic interpersonal stress on indices of HPA regulation. To explore the potential downstream consequences of altered HPA dynamics, the authors also assessed indicators of metabolic control and systemic inflammation. Design: One hundred four medically healthy women between the ages of 15 and 19 participated. Following an in-depth interview of life stress, a sample of blood was drawn through antecubital venipuncture. Over the course of the next 2 days, participants gathered salivary cortisol samples. Main Outcome Measures: Cortisol morning response, cortisol daily output, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, and glucose. Results: The simple presence of episodic stress or chronic interpersonal stress was not reliably associated with cortisol output, GR mRNA, insulin, or glucose. When women were exposed to an episodic stressor in the midst of chronic stress they showed increased cortisol output and reduced expression of GR mRNA. By contrast, when women had low levels of chronic stress, episodic events were associated with decreased cortisol output and increased GR mRNA. Episodic and chronic stress also interacted to predict CRP, but not insulin or glucose. Conclusions: The impact of episodic stress is accentuated in the midst of chronic interpersonal stress and diminished in its absence. Simultaneous exposure to episodic and chronic stress may create wear and tear on the body, whereas exposure to episodic stress in the context of a supportive environment may toughen the body, protecting it against subsequent stressors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mechanical properties of pure Ni and Ni-alloy substrate materials for Y-Ba-Cu-O coated superconductors

Mechanical properties of rolling-assisted, biaxially-textured substrates (RABiTS) and substrates for ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) coated superconductors are measured at room temperature, 76, and 4 K. Yield strength, Young’s modulus, and the proportional limit of elasticity are determined, tabulated and compared. Results obtained are intended to serve as a database of mechanical properties of substrates having the same anneal state and texture as those incorporated in the general class of RE-Ba-Cu-O coated conductor composites (RE = rare earth). The RABiTS materials measured are pure Ni, Ni-13at.%Cr, Ni-3at.%W-2at.%Fe, Ni-10at.%Cr-2at.%W, and Ni-5at.%W. The IBAD substrate materials included Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276. The Ni alloys are substantially stronger and show higher strains at the proportional limit than those of pure Ni. Substrates fully coated with buffer layers, ≈1 μm of Y-Ba-Cu-O, and 3-5 μm of Ag have similar mechanical properties (at 76 K) as the substrate alone. Somewhat surprisingly, plating an additional 30-40 μm of Cu stabilizer onto high-yield-strength (690 MPa) Hastelloy coated conductors ∼100 μm thick, reduces the overall yield strength of the composite structure by only about 10-12% at 76 K and 12-14% at room temperature; this indicates that the Cu layer, despite its relatively soft nature, contributes significantly to the overall strength of even high-strength coated conductors.     

Effects of blends of camel and calf chymosin on proteolysis,residual coagulant activity,microstructure, and sensory characteristics of Beyaz peynir

Beyaz peynir, a white brined cheese, was manufactured using different blends of camel chymosin (100, 75, 50, 25, and 0%) with calf chymosin and ripened for 90 d. The purpose of this study was to determine the best mixture of coagulant for Beyaz peynir, in terms of proteolysis, texture, and melting characteristics. The cheeses were evaluated in terms of chemical composition, levels of proteolysis, total free amino acids, texture, meltability, residual coagulant activity, microstructure, and sensory properties during 90 d of ripening. Differences in the gross chemical composition were statistically significant for all types of cheeses. Levels of proteolysis were highly dependent on the blends of the coagulants. Higher proteolysis was observed in cheeses that used a higher ratio of calf chymosin. Differences in urea-PAGE and peptide profiles of each cheese were observed as well. Meltability values proportionally increased with the higher increasing levels of calf chymosin in the blend formula. These coagulants had a slight effect on the microstructure of cheeses. The cheese made with camel chymosin had a harder texture than calf chymosin cheese, and hardness values of all cheese samples decreased during ripening. The cheeses with a high ratio of calf chymosin had higher residual enzyme activity than those made with camel chymosin. No significant difference in sensory properties was observed among the cheeses. In conclusion, cheeses made with a high level of calf chymosin had a higher level of proteolysis, residual coagulant activity, and meltability. The cheeses also had a softer texture than cheeses made with a high content of camel chymosin. Camel chymosin may be used as a coagulant alone if low or limited levels of proteolysis are desired in cheese.