Application potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) based tissue-engineering for spinal cord defect repair in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta

Spina bifida aperta are complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of fusion in the spinal neural tube during embryogenesis. Despite surgical repair of the defect, most patients who survive with spina bifida aperta have a multiple system handicap due to neuron deficiency of the defective spinal cord. Tissue engineering has emerged as a novel treatment for replacement of lost tissue. This study evaluated the prenatal surgical approach of transplanting a chitosan–gelatin scaffold seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the healing the defective spinal cord of rat fetuses with retinoic acid induced spina bifida aperta. Scaffold characterisation revealed the porous structure, organic and amorphous content. This biomaterial promoted the adhesion, spreading and in vitro viability of the BMSCs. After transplantation of the scaffold combined with BMSCs, the defective region of spinal cord in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta at E20 decreased obviously under stereomicroscopy, and the skin defect almost closed in many fetuses. The transplanted BMSCs in chitosan–gelatin scaffold survived, grew and expressed markers of neural stem cells and neurons in the defective spinal cord. In addition, the biomaterial presented high biocompatibility and slow biodegradation in vivo. In conclusion, prenatal transplantation of the scaffold combined with BMSCs could treat spinal cord defect in fetuses with spina bifida aperta by the regeneration of neurons and repairmen of defective region.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under an accelerated simulation marine atmospheric environment

The corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under simulated marine atmospheric environment has been studied using mass-gain, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), laser scanning confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and localized electrochemical methods. The results demonstrate that the relationship between the corrosion induced mass-gain and the corrosion time is in accordance with the power rule. The mass-gain increases gradually during the corrosion time, while the corrosion rate decreases. With ongoing of the corrosion, corrosion products film changed from a porous to a compact structure. The various spectroscopic data show that the corrosion products films composed mainly of Al(OH)₃, Al₂O₃ and AlCl₃. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the 2A02 Al alloy was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).     

FacetAtlas: multifaceted visualization for rich text corpora

Documents in rich text corpora usually contain multiple facets of information. For example, an article about a specific disease often consists of different facets such as symptom, treatment, cause, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention. Thus, documents may have different relations based on different facets. Powerful search tools have been developed to help users locate lists of individual documents that are most related to specific keywords. However, there is a lack of effective analysis tools that reveal the multifaceted relations of documents within or cross the document clusters. In this paper, we present FacetAtlas, a multifaceted visualization technique for visually analyzing rich text corpora. FacetAtlas combines search technology with advanced visual analytical tools to convey both global and local patterns simultaneously. We describe several unique aspects of FacetAtlas, including (1) node cliques and multifaceted edges, (2) an optimized density map, and (3) automated opacity pattern enhancement for highlighting visual patterns, (4) interactive context switch between facets. In addition, we demonstrate the power of FacetAtlas through a case study that targets patient education in the health care domain. Our evaluation shows the benefits of this work, especially in support of complex multifaceted data analysis.     

高速网络Fast TCP拥塞控制算法的改进

随着网络技术的飞速发展和接入性能的不断提高,如今全世界的互联主干网络呈现出一种高速网络的特性。在这种网络特性下,传统网络中的TCP拥塞控制协议已经开始显现出不适应性,发现了FAST TCP协议中＂持续拥塞＂的形成机制,建立了数学模型来准确的描述＂持续拥塞＂所导致数据流之间带宽分配不公平的问题,进一步利用优先服务队列的方法解决了FAST TCP在网络中的持续拥塞现象。     

Sentinel-1-based flood mapping: a fully automated processing chain

This article presents an automated Sentinel-1-based processing chain designed for flood detection and monitoring in near-real-time (NRT). Since no user intervention is required at any stage of the flood mapping procedure, the processing chain allows deriving time-critical disaster information in less than 45 min after a new data set is available on the Sentinel Data Hub of the European Space Agency (ESA). Due to the systematic acquisition strategy and high repetition rate of Sentinel-1, the processing chain can be set up as a web-based service that regularly informs users about the current flood conditions in a given area of interest. The thematic accuracy of the thematic processor has been assessed for two test sites of a flood situation at the border between Greece and Turkey with encouraging overall accuracies between 94.0% and 96.1% and Cohen’s kappa coefficients (κ) ranging from 0.879 to 0.910. The accuracy assessment, which was performed separately for the standard polarizations (VV/VH) of the interferometric wide swath (IW) mode of Sentinel-1, further indicates that under calm wind conditions, slightly higher thematic accuracies can be achieved by using VV instead of VH polarization data.     

Surface tension calculation of the Ni3S2---FeS---Cu2S mattes

The surface tension of the Ni₃S₂-FeS-Cu₂S ternary mattes have been calculated from those of the Ni₃S₂-FeS·FeS-Cu₂S and Cu₂S-Ni₃S₂ pseudo-binary boundary systems by using geometric models (Kohler and Toop model) and a general solution model (Chou model). Taking account of the experimental accuracy of ±2.5%, the respective calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. At the same time, surface tensions of molten Ni₃S₂-FeS-Cu₂S mattes and their pseudo-binary boundary systems are predicted based on Butler's original treatment with great attention to the model parameter β. The predicted results also agree with the experimental data. Therefore, the resulting iso-surface tension curves in molten Ni₃S₂-FeS-Cu₂S mattes at 1473K, especially calculated by using Kohler, Toop and Chou models, are generally acceptable.