Gillian Butler  Jacob H Nielsen  Tina Slots  Chris Seal  Mick D Eyre  Roy Sanderson  Carlo Leifert 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(8):1431-1441

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed differences in fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant profiles between organic and conventional milk. However, they did not (a) investigate seasonal differences, (b) include non‐organic, low‐input systems or (c) compare individual carotenoids, stereoisomers of α‐tocopherol or isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. This survey‐based study compares milk from three production systems: (i) high‐input, conventional (10 farms); (ii) low‐input, organic (10 farms); and (iii) low‐input non‐organic (5 farms). Samples were taken during the outdoor grazing (78 samples) and indoor periods (31 samples). RESULTS: During the outdoor grazing period, on average, milk from the low‐input systems had lower saturated FAs, but higher mono‐ and polyunsaturated FA concentrations compared with milk from the high‐input system. Milk from both the low‐input organic and non‐organic systems had significantly higher concentrations of nutritionally desirable FAs and antioxidants—conjugated linoleic (60% and 99%, respectively) and α‐linolenic (39% and 31%, respectively) acids, α‐tocopherol (33% and 50%, respectively) and carotenoids (33% and 80%, respectively)—compared with milk from the high‐input system. Milk composition differed significantly between the two low‐input systems during the second half of the grazing period only; with milk from non‐organic cows being higher in antioxidants, and conjugated linoleic acid, and that from organic cows in α‐linolenic acid. In contrast, few significant differences in composition were detected between high‐input and low‐input organic systems when cows were housed. CONCLUSIONS: Milk composition is affected by production systems by mechanisms likely to be linked to the stage and length of the grazing period, and diet composition, which will influence subsequent processing, and sensory and potential nutritional qualities of the milk. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

    

Federica Turati  Carlotta Galeone  Sara Gandini  Livia S. Augustin  David J. A. Jenkins  Claudio Pelucchi  Carlo La Vecchia 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2015,59(7):1384-1394

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Leggio A  Belsito EL  De Marco R  Di Gioia ML  Liguori A  Siciliano C  Spinella M 《Journal of food science》2012,77(4):S170-S175

This paper compares some important parameters and the free amino acid and biogenic amine contents of cured industrial and homemade meat products. To this aim, industrial and homemade \"soppressata\" and \"salsiccia\", typical dry fermented sausages produced in Southern Italy, were analyzed. The homemade sausages showed a higher level of free biogenic amines than that manufactured industrially, most likely because biogenic amine formation in industrial products is limited by the use of starter cultures. The industrial sausages are characterized by a higher total free amino acid content than the homemade products. Overall, free amino acid and biogenic amine contents demonstrated that appreciable differences exist between homemade and industrial sausages.  相似文献   

  总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oreste Vittore  Bernna  Carlo  Pomei  Valerio  Pravettoni  Laura  Farioli  Elide Anna  Pastorello 《Journal of food science》2005,70(1):S38-S41

ABSTRACT: Food allergy is a growing problem because more and more people are suffering from this kind of illness. Besides allergies to staple foods such as milk, fish, and eggs, many fruits are known to cause allergy; those of the family of Rosaceae , such as peaches and apricots, are prominent among them, especially in the Mediterranean area. In this work, we report on the results obtained when preparing hypoallergenic and anallergenic derivatives starting from fresh apricots. Protein extracts from 9 cultivars of apricot, either unpeeled or chemically peeled, were prepared and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting, to evaluate the presence of the allergen Pru ar 3, the main protein responsible for causing the oral allergy syndrome (OAS). The chemical peeling of fruits proved determinant for our aim and allowed us to develop a new production process for some hypoallergenic and anallergenic derivatives starting out from apricot purée, such as nectar, limpid juice, jam, and fruit jelly, which can be consumed as they are or used as fillings in yogurt, snacks, and so on.  相似文献   

    

Sebastian Nau  Christoph Wolf  Karl Popovic  Alexander Blümel  Francesco Santoni  Alessio Gagliardi  Aldo di Carlo  Stefan Sax  Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2015,1(1-2)

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Carlo Giansante  Rosanna Mastria  Giovanni Lerario  Luca Moretti  Ilka Kriegel  Francesco Scotognella  Guglielmo Lanzani  Sonia Carallo  Marco Esposito  Mariano Biasiucci  Aurora Rizzo  Giuseppe Gigli 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(1):111-119

Hybrid composites obtained upon blending conjugated polymers and colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are regarded as attractive photo­active materials for optoelectronic applications. Here it is demonstrated that tailoring nanocrystal surface chemistry permits to control non‐covalent and electronic interactions between organic and inorganic components. The pending moieties of organic ligands at the nanocrystal surface are shown to not merely confer colloidal stability while hindering charge separation and transport, but drastically impact morphology of hybrid composites during formation from blend solutions. The relevance of this approach to photovoltaic applications is demonstrated for composites based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and lead sulfide nanocrystals, considered as inadequate until this report, which enable the fabrication of hybrid solar cells displaying a power conversion efficiency that reaches 3%. By investigating (quasi)steady‐state and time‐resolved photo‐induced processes in the nanocomposites and their constituents, it is ascertained that electron transfer occurs at the hybrid interface yielding long‐lived separated charge carriers, whereas interfacial hole transfer appears hindered. Here a reliable alternative aiming to gain control over macroscopic optoelectronic properties of polymer/nanocrystal composites by mediating their non‐covalent interactions via ligands' pending moieties is provided, thus opening new possibilities towards efficient solution‐processed hybrid solar cells.  相似文献   

    

Francesco Bonaccorso  Nikolaos Balis  Minas M. Stylianakis  Marika Savarese  Carlo Adamo  Mauro Gemmi  Vittorio Pellegrini  Emmanuel Stratakis  Emmanuel Kymakis 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(25):3870-3880

Functionalized graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) are used as an electron‐cascade acceptor material in air‐processed organic ternary bulk heterojunction solar cells. The functionalization is realized via the attachment of the ethylenedinitrobenzoyl (EDNB) molecule to the GNFs. Simulation and experimental results show that such nanoscale modification greatly influences the density of states near the Fermi level. Consequently, the GNF‐EDNB blend presents favorable highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels to function as a bridge structure between the poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and the [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PC₇₁BM). The improved exciton dissociation and charge transport are associated with the better energy level alignment of the ternary blend and the high electrical conductivity of the GNFs, which act as additional electron transport channels within the photoactive layer. The resulting PCDTBT/GNF‐EDNB/PC₇₁BM ternary organic solar cells, fabricated entirely under ambient conditions, exhibit an average power conversion efficiency enhancement of ≈18% as compared with the binary blend PCDTBT/PC₇₁BM.  相似文献   

    

Riccardo De Gaudenzi  Carlo Elia  Robert A. Harris 《Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies》1993,4(1):9-10

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Salustri C  Barbati G  Porcaro C 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2005,52(6):1140-1142

In this paper, we apply independent component analysis to fetal magnetocardiographic data. In particular, we propose an extension of the \"cumulant-based iterative inversion\" algorithm to include a two-step \"signal subspace\" subdivision, which allows the user to control the number of components to be estimated by analyzing the eigenvalues distribution in an interactive way. Our results show that this method is a powerful means not only for the extraction of the cardiac signals from the background noise but also for a sharp separation of the baby's heart from the mother's.  相似文献   

    

Christopher E. Killian  Rebecca A. Metzler  Yutao Gong  Tyler H. Churchill  Ian C. Olson  Vasily Trubetskoy  Matthew B. Christensen  John H. Fournelle  Francesco De Carlo  Sidney Cohen  Julia Mahamid  Andreas Scholl  Anthony Young  Andrew Doran  Fred H. Wilt  Susan N. Coppersmith  Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(4)

The sea urchin tooth is a mosaic of calcite crystals shaped precisely into plates and fibers, cemented together by a robust calcitic polycrystalline matrix. The tooth is formed continuously at one end, while it grinds and wears at the opposite end, the sharp tip. Remarkably, these teeth enable the sea urchin to scrape and bore holes into rock, yet the teeth remain sharp rather than dull with use. Here we describe the detailed structure of the tooth of the California purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and focus on the self‐sharpening mechanism. Using high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron emission spectromicroscopy (X‐PEEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX analysis, nanoindentation, and X‐ray micro‐tomography, we deduce that the sea urchin tooth self‐sharpens by fracturing at discontinuities in the material. These are organic layers surrounding plates and fibers that behave as the “fault lines” in the tooth structure, as shown by nanoindentation. Shedding of tooth components at these discontinuities exposes the robust central part of the tooth, aptly termed “the stone”, which becomes the grinding tip. The precise design and position of the plates and fibers determines the profile of the tooth tip, so as the tooth wears it maintains a tip that is continually renewed and remains sharp. This strategy may be used for the top‐down or bottom‐up fabrication of lamellar materials, to be used for mechanical functions at the nano‐ and micrometer scale.  相似文献