Personality variables and response to color.

Theorists have proposed relationships between response to color and personality attributes, mainly those of impulsivity, suggestibility, and emotionality. A review of research results reveals no support for its association with impulsivity, or related variables (assaultiveness, ego control, etc.). Support is also lacking for its correlation to suggestibility in terms of being easily influenced by individuals, though there is demonstration of its relationship in terms of responding to stimulation from the impersonal environment, color being a part of this environment. Strong evidence from Rorschach studies for reduced use of color by depressed individuals, the only relationship to emotionality established, is compatible with the above positive finding for the depressed patient is uninterested in the external environment. (77 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Review of Dose Rate Dependent Effects of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) Irradiations

The literature has been reviewed in order to arrive at firm conclusions regarding total dose test procedures. The most important results are that there is little evidence for true dose rate effects for rates less than 10 rad/min. Hence a Cobalt-60 simulation of space radiation effects is completely valid if the irradiation bursts are greater than a few minutes. Further, the effects of on-going annealing in low-dose rate space environments are equivalent to that observed for irradiating and waiting the appropriate time for measurement. Hence fast measurement times following the irradiation are not necessary nor are extended low dose-rate radiation periods. Retention of bias throughput is important but need not be used when other experiments show no bias-dependent effects for a given process run.     

System software for computer-aided design in electronics on a small machine

A minicomputer installation dedicated to c.a.d. is described. The economy and flexibility of such systems when incorporating comprehensive graphics facilities is stressed. Suitable operating systems are discussed, including an executive program to provide software simulation of three virtual computers (each virtual machine may then run under an independent operating system). Features of the graphical system software are outlined, including device and machine independence, flexibility, ease of use and economy. The applications programming philosophy required is described together with several interactive programs developed for use in electronics design. These programs, used by electronic engineers and research scientists over the past four years, illustrate the flexibility inherent in the system.     

Outcome of brief cathartic psychotherapy.

Evaluated the effect of catharsis on the outcome of brief psychotherapy. 22 University Health Service patients were treated with emotive psychotherapy and compared with 21 others treated with insight-oriented analytic therapy. Outcome data consisted of change on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of Depression, Psychasthenia, and Schizophrenia; change in comfort with affect, measured by Hamsher's Test of Emotional Styles; ratings of change in personal satisfaction; and progress toward behaviorally defined goals. The emotive Ss experienced significantly more catharsis, and high-catharsis patients changed significantly more on behavioral goals and showed a trend toward greater improvement in personal satisfaction. Findings confirm the effectiveness of emotive psychotherapy in producing catharsis and tend to validate the hypothesis that catharsis leads to therapeutic improvement. (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Compact transient-analysis program

An algorithm for the transient analysis of nonlinear networks is described. It uses a nodal-admittance representation and an implicit integration technique. The algorithm allows a compact and fast computer implementation, ideally suited to small-computer environments. An example of results obtained with an ALGOL implementation is given.     

Genital prolapse during pregnancy

A case is presented of genital prolapse occurring during pregnancy in a patient with multiple congenital urogenital defects. The etiologies are hypothesized to be a congenitally defective pelvis and hormonally mediated connective tissue changes in pregnancy. The procidentia was treated with a vaginal hysterectomy, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy and sarcrospinous fixation. Pudendal nerve injury as a rare complication of sacrospinous fixation is discussed.     

Energy and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows at low or high metabolizable protein levels is affected differently by postrumen glucogenic and lipogenic substrates

This study tested the effects of energy from glucogenic (glucose; GG) or lipogenic (palm olein; LG) substrates at low (LMP) and high (HMP) metabolizable protein levels on whole-body energy and N partitioning of dairy cattle. Six rumen-fistulated, second-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (97 ± 13 d in milk) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design in which each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous abomasal infusion followed by 2 d of rest. A total mixed ration consisting of 42% corn silage, 31% grass silage, and 27% concentrate (dry matter basis) was formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and metabolizable protein requirements, respectively, and was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake by individual cow. Abomasal infusion treatments were saline (LMP-C), isoenergetic infusions (digestible energy basis) of 1,319 g/d of glucose (LMP-GG), 676 g/d of palm olein (LMP-LG; major fatty acid constituents are palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid), or 844 g/d of essential AA (HMP-C), or isoenergetic infusions of 1,319 g/d of glucose + 844 g/d of essential AA (HMP-GG) or 676 g/d of palm olein + 844 g/d of essential AA (HMP-LG). The experiment was conducted in climate respiration chambers to determine energy and N balance in conjunction with milk production and composition, nutrient digestibility, and plasma constituents. Infusion of GG and LG decreased dry matter intake, but total gross energy intake from the diet plus infusions was not affected by GG or LG. Furthermore, GG or LG did not affect total milk, protein, or lactose yields. Infusing GG or LG at the HMP level did not affect milk production differently than at the LMP level. Infusion of GG stimulated energy retention in body tissue, increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, decreased lipogenic metabolites in plasma, and decreased milk fat yield and milk energy output. Nitrogen intake decreased and milk N efficiency increased in response to GG, and N retention was not affected. Infusion of LG tended to increase metabolizable energy intake, increased milk fat yield and milk energy output, increased plasma triacylglycerides and long-chain fatty acid concentrations, and had no effect on energy retention. Infusion of LG decreased N intake but did not affect milk N efficiency or N retention. Compared with the LMP level, the HMP level increased dry matter intake, gross and metabolizable energy intake, and total milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields. Milk energy output increased at the HMP level, and protein level did not affect total energy retention. Heat production increased at the HMP level, but only when GG and LG were infused. The HMP level increased N intake, milk N output, and plasma urea concentration, tended to increase N retention, and decreased milk N efficiency. Regardless of protein level, GG promoted energy retention and improved milk N efficiency, but not through increased milk protein yield. Infusion of LG partitioned extra energy intake into milk and had no effect on milk N efficiency.     

Energy and nitrogen balance of dairy cattle as affected by provision of different essential amino acid profiles at the same metabolizable protein supply

Amino acid composition of metabolizable protein (MP) is important in dairy cattle diets, but effects of AA imbalances on energy and N utilization are unclear. This study determined the effect of different AA profiles within a constant supplemental MP level on whole-body energy and N partitioning in dairy cattle. Five rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.4 lactations; 81 ± 11 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design in which each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous abomasal infusion followed by 2 d of rest. A total mixed ration consisting of 58% corn silage, 16% alfalfa hay, and 26% concentrate (dry matter basis) was formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and MP requirements, respectively, and was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake by individual cow. Abomasal infusion treatments were saline (SAL) or 562 g/d of essential AA delivered in 4 profiles where individual AA content corresponded to their relative content in casein. The profiles were (1) a complete essential amino acid mixture (EAAC), (2) Ile, Leu, and Val (ILV), (3) His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp, Val (GR1+ILV), and (4) Arg, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp (GR1+ALT). The experiment was conducted in climate respiration chambers to determine energy and N balance in conjunction with milk production and composition, digestibility, and plasma constituents. Compared with SAL, infusion of EAAC increased milk, protein, and lactose yield, increased energy retained as body protein, and did not affect milk N efficiency. Total N intake and urine N output was higher with all AA infusions relative to SAL. Compared with EAAC, infusions of GR1+ILV and GR1+ALT produced the same milk yield and the same yield and content of milk fat, protein, and lactose, and had similar energy and N retention. Milk N efficiency was not different between EAAC and GR1+ILV, but was lower with GR1+ALT compared with EAAC, and tended to be lower with GR1+ALT compared with GR1+ILV. Infusion of ILV tended to decrease dry matter intake compared with the other AA infusions. Milk production and composition was not different between ILV and SAL. Compared with EAAC, infusion of ILV decreased or tended to decrease milk, protein, and lactose yields and milk protein content, and increased milk fat and lactose content. Milk N efficiency decreased with ILV compared with SAL, EAAC, and GR1+ILV. Milk urea concentration was not affected by essential amino acid (EAA) infusions. Plasma urea concentration did not differ between EAAC and SAL, tended to increase with ILV and GR1+ILV over SAL, and increased with GR1+ALT compared with EAAC and SAL. In conclusion, removing Arg, Lys, and Thr or removing Ile, Leu, and Val from a complete EAA profile when the total amount of EAA infused remained constant did not impair milk production, but milk N efficiency decreased when Ile, Leu, and Val were absent. Infusion of only Ile, Leu, and Val decreased milk protein yield and content and reduced milk N efficiency compared with a complete EAA profile.