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11.
Pressure to compress the development life cycle and reduce the duration and resources committed to testing lead to experimentation in testing at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centerís Software Engineering Laboratory. This study investigates the trend to reduce developer testing and increasingly rely upon inspection techniques and independent functional testing to shorten the development life cycle, improve testing productivity, and improve software quality.An approach is developed to conduct this comparison. In particular, the problem faced by software researchers, having a comprehensive characterization of software projects so similar types may be identified for comparative studies, is addressed using expert opinion. 相似文献
12.
A suite of density-differentiated macerals from several coals was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to obtain information on the nature and magnitude of the variations exhibited by the various maceral fractions. The most characteristic change between maceral groups was the variation in aliphatic hydrogen content, with exinite ? vitrinite ? inertinite. Since the separation technique (density gradient centrifugation) generally provided a number of fractions within a maceral group region, some of these were also analysed. In a series of density fractions from a low rank vitrinite, it was found that the aliphatic hydrogen content decreased as the density increased. The inertinites also exhibited a decrease in aliphatic hydrogen. The inertinite C—O bands had extinction coefficients different from those of vitrinites or exinites. The data suggest that quite profound variations in organic structure as determined by FT-i.r. spectroscopy can exist within a maceral group, so that for the most critical work on coals it is necessary to take this into account. 相似文献
13.
The effects of octylglucoside on the substrate specificity, kinetics and aggregation state of purified carnitine palmitoyltrasferase
(CPT) from beef heart mitochondria were investigated and compared to the effects of Triton X-100. Conditions in which CPT
can be assayed in the absence of micelles and albumin, thereby eliminating miceller effects on the kinetic parameters, are
described. When octylglucoside is substituted for Triton X-100, the specificity of CPT in the forward direction shifts towards
the long-chain acyl-CoAs, and large changes in the kinetic constants are observed. The K0.5 for L-carnitine varied as much as 50-fold, depending on the acyl-CoA and detergent used. At pH 8.0 and 200 μM palmitoyl-CoA,
the K0.5 for L-carnitine is 4.9 mM in 12 mM octylglucoside and 0.2 mM in 0.1% Triton X-100. Octylglucoside enhances the activity of
CPT with long-chain acyl-CoA and lowers the K0.5 for these substrates. At pH 6.0, the K0.5 for palmitoyl-CoA is 24.2 μM in 0.1% Triton X-100, in contrast to 3.1 μM in 12 mM octylglucoside. Octylglucoside is a competitive
inhibitor of CPT with octanoyl-CoA as substrate with a Ki of 15 mM. Nonlinear kinetics for both acyl-CoAs and L-carnitine are observed when the concentration of octylglucoside is
reduced to less than half of its critical micellar concentration (cmc). Gel filtration of CPT in octylglucoside below its
cmc gives a single protein peak with a molecular mass of ca. 660,000 daltons. These data indicate that the catalytically active
form of purified CPT is an aggregate that has quaternary structure and must have a very flexible catalytic site whose affinity
for substrate and catalytic efficiency can be altered greatly by changes in environment and experimental conditions. 相似文献
14.
Ella L. F. Fu Jan van Aalst Carol K. K. Chan 《International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning》2016,11(4):441-478
The goal of this study was to develop a classification for a range of discourse patterns that occur in text-based asynchronous discussion forums, and that can aid in the distinction of three modes of discourse: knowledge sharing, knowledge construction, and knowledge building. The dataset was taken from Knowledge Forum® databases in the Knowledge Building Teacher Network in Hong Kong, and included three discussion views created for different classes: Grade 5 Science, Grade 10 Visual Arts, and Grade 10 Liberal Studies. We used a combination of qualitative coding and narrative analysis as well as teachers’ understanding of online discourse to analyze student discussions. Nine discourse patterns were identified. These patterns revealed a variety of ways in which students go about their collaborative interactions online and demonstrated how and why students succeed or fail in sustaining collaborative interactions. This study extended the three modes of online discourse and developed different discourse patterns, which are efforts to provide instructional guidance. The implications of supporting productive discourse and the enactment of CSCL innovations in classrooms are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Abstract A growing number of organizations are implementing the ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) “best practice” framework in an attempt to improve their IT service management processes. However, not all ITIL implementations are successful and some companies have been disappointed with the outcomes. This exploratory research reports on four case studies of “successful” implementations of IT service management using the process-based ITIL V2 framework. Two companies are located in the U.S. and two in Australia. The cases demonstrate a mix of implementation justifications and strategies. Critical success factors (CSFs) suggested in the literature are compared against those attributed to these successful ITIL implementations. Some CSFs, including executive management support, interdepartmental communication and collaboration, use of consultants, training and careful software selection are confirmed. Three new CSFs are identified: creating an ITIL-friendly culture, process as a priority, and customer-focused metrics. Practitioner guidelines, to assist IT managers, who are contemplating adopting ITIL for process improvement and organisational transformation, are also provided together with some challenges encountered and their associated resolutions. 相似文献
16.
Rebecca C. Hedreen Jennifer L. Johnson Mack A. Lundy Peg Burnette Carol Perryman Guus Van Den Brekel 《国际互联网参考资料服务季刊》2013,18(2-3):167-195
ABSTRACT In April 2006, Alliance Library System and Online Programming for All Libraries partnered to start the Second Life Library 2.0 in the online world Second Life and in August 2006 purchased an island on the Teen grid of Teen Second Life. Second Life is a virtual world, a descendant of multiplayer online games. Educational institutions have recently been drawn into Second Life's robust economy and vibrant cultural life. The Second Life Library 2.0 works with librarians from around the world and with other educational partners such as TechSoup, WorldBridges, and the New Media Consortium. Second Life Library 2.0 provides “traditional” library services such as ready reference, book discussions, and search assistance, but, at heart, it explores what it means to be a virtual library in a virtual world. 相似文献
17.
18.
Steven F. Vaughn Rick A. Boydston Carol A. Mallory-Smith 《Journal of chemical ecology》1996,22(10):1939-1949
Ethyl ether, ethanol, and water extracts of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartweg ex. Benth.) seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Cardinal). Both the ethyl ether and ethanol fractions, but not the water extract, inhibited velvetleaf and wheat radicle elongation. Fractionation of the extracts indicated that (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3-MPAN) was the active compound from both extracts, comprising >97% of the active ethanol fraction. 3-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, which had been previously shown to be the major breakdown product of glucolimnanthin, the majorL. alba glucosinolate, was not detected in either extract. Radicle elongation of velvetleaf and wheat were inhibited by 3-MPAN with I50 (the concentration required to inhibit growth by 50%) values of approximately 4 × 10–4 M (velvetleaf) and 7×10–4 M (wheat).Mention of firms or products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or products not mentioned. 相似文献
19.
Carol Fung Jie Zhang Issam Aib Raouf Boutaba 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》2011,19(2):257-277
The accuracy of detecting an intrusion within a network of intrusion detection systems (IDSes) depends on the efficiency of
collaboration between member IDSes. The security itself within this network is an additional concern that needs to be addressed.
In this paper, we present a trust-based framework for secure and effective collaboration within an intrusion detection network
(IDN). In particular, we design a trust model that allows each IDS to evaluate the trustworthiness of other IDSes based on
its personal experience. We also propose an admission control algorithm for the IDS to manage the acquaintances it approaches
for advice about intrusions. We discuss the effectiveness of our approach in protecting the IDN against common attacks. Additionally,
experimental results demonstrate that our system yields significant improvement in detecting intrusions. The trust model further
improves the robustness of the collaborative system against malicious attacks. The experimental results also support that
our admission control algorithm is effective and fair, and creates incentives for collaboration. 相似文献
20.
Mobile learning is increasing in popularity, but not all university students have mobile devices to support it. Our study investigated cross-platform software that has the potential to allow education practitioners to provide mobile support to their students’ learning, while offering similar functionality to non-mobile users via more traditional computing platforms. Undergraduate students were trained in the use of multi-platform cloud-based note-taking software (Evernote), and used the software in independent study for 8 weeks. Data show adoption for a range of functions, particularly gathering and managing information, organisation and planning, and the recording of ideas. Multimedia functions were also adopted innovatively by some students. Use for reflection was rare. Non-adopters were in a minority, giving low utility appraisals and difficulty in changing habits as reasons. Subjective evaluations and recommendations showed that a majority of students felt positive about the software and found it quick and easy to use. Mobile and non-mobile users only differed on the number of locations in which they used the software, and the proportion of notes classified as ideas, both being higher in mobile users. The data provide decision support for education practitioners who wish to provide mobile learning to their students alongside traditional platforms. 相似文献