Simulation of electron energy loss near-edge structure at the Al and N K edges and Al L(23) edge in cubic aluminium nitride

Calculations of electron energy near edge structures (ELNES) are compared with experimental data obtained in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. This study concerns small precipitates of aluminium nitride in low carbon steel. The ELNES technique allows to clearly establish that these precipitates crystallize in a cubic rather than in a hexagonal crystallographic cell. The influence on simulated spectra of different parameters are investigated: the size of the atomic shell and its relation with the electron inelastic mean free path. We also examine the influence of the core hole and the sensitivity to cell parameters. We particularly examine the Al L(23) near edge structure and features relating to the different transition channels (A(1g), E(g) and T(2g)). Results of a multiple scattering and band structure calculations using ICXANES and WIEN97 codes, respectively, are compared in the region from 0 to 30 eV above the edge onsets. Both calculations are in a rather good agreement.     

氧化锌矿处理方法现状

阐述了酸法、碱法两大类处理氧化锌矿的方法,酸法如溶剂萃取法、氧压酸浸法、堆浸法及浓硫酸焙烧法等,碱法如机械活法-碱法浸出、氨电积法、硫酸铵焙烧法及碱焙烧法等,其他方法如硫化浮选法和真空碳热还原法等方法。概述了各方法的锌冶炼原理,指出了各方法的优缺点。     

Multiple interactions between Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii strongly affect their growth kinetics during the making of hard cooked cheeses

In hard cooked cheeses, any interactions between the thermophilic starters as they grow during the cheese-making are critical, since they modify bacterial growth kinetics and acidification kinetics, so affecting the ripening process and the final characteristics of the cheese. Twenty-four experimental hard cooked cheeses were made under controlled conditions, the milk being inoculated with various combinations of thermophilic strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Over the first day of manufacturing we recorded a wide range of different growth kinetics for each starter species used, and a wide range of pH kinetics, depending on the starter combination. Most of the bacterial variability could be statistically explained by the nature, quantity, and/or presence or absence of the different strains inoculated. Four main interactions between the three species were evidenced during cheese-making. There was antagonism between L. helveticus and L. delbrueckii. The lactobacilli had a positive effect on S. thermophilus, which was reciprocal for L. helveticus. L. helveticus had a negative effect on S. thermophilus cultivability. And the combination of S. thermophilus inoculated in large quantities and L. helveticus strain H2 had a negative effect on the growth of the L. delbrueckii strain D2. While the positive effect of L. delbrueckii on S. thermophilus probably corresponds to interactions in milk that have already been described and published, the other interactions were hitherto unknown. These interactions are of major importance for the growth kinetics of streptococci and thermophilic lactobacilli during cheese-making.     

基于容量参数的二次电池嵌入型电极材料固相扩散系数的测定方法

介绍了一种以容量参数为主变量的测定锂二次电池中电极材料固相扩散系数的方法.该方法只需颗粒半径这一辅助参数,通过球型扩散模型建立了恒流-恒压充电容量(RPG)比,进一步发展成为容量间歇滴定技术(CITT).采用RPG法可在较宽的电压范围内测定嵌入型电极材料的平均固相扩散系数,实验结果重现性好.由RPG法测得0～1.5 V时锂离子在石墨电极中的平均固相扩散系数值为1.055×10-10cm2/s.由CITT技术测得锂离子在LiMn2 O4中的固相扩散系数在3.95 V和4.12 V左右存在个两个极小峰,且随着循环次数的增加,扩散系数值逐渐增大.     

上海市安全饮用水保障技术

介绍上海市供水及供水技术概况,就目前原水水质、出厂水水质及管网水水质现状与存在的问题,提出了改善上海市供水水质的技术措施。构建上海市安全饮用水保障体系的对策:中心城区通过改善原水水质,强化给水厂常规处理,全面实施给水厂深度处理,更新和改造城市供水管网,改造二次供水设施,实施从源头到龙头的供水管理新机制;郊区推行供水集约化建设,建设城乡一体化的供水系统;同时完善城市供水监控体系。     

晶振芯片在高g值冲击下的失效机理分析

芯片是弹载存储测试系统的最基本的单元,它的抗强冲击能力直接影响测试系统的可靠性.为了研究芯片抗高过载能力,本实验利用Hopkinson杆对最典型的晶振芯片进行高g值冲击,以一维应力波理论估计芯片受到的加速度.对实验现象进行理论分析后得出与应力波传播方向平行放置的芯片抗冲击性能要高于与应力波传播方向垂直的芯片.     

基于MATLAB技术的滑动轴承油膜压力分布的模拟

Roynolds方程是滑动轴承油膜压力计算的基础,传统计算方法将轴承简化成无限宽或无限窄的一维形式,计算结果不符合实际情况.基于有限差分法,采用MATLAB软件编程计算,求解了完整的二维流动Roynolds方程,得到了滑动轴承油膜压力空间分布图.以此方法指导某水电站水轮机水润滑橡胶轴承改造为稀油润滑轴承的工作,取得了良好的效果.     

历史街区传统生活形态的保护与更新 ——以苏州市平江路历史街区为例

随着城市发展以及人们需求的变化,原有的生活空间不断被改造,具有特色的传统生活形态也发生变化.文章以平江路历史街区为例,对平江路历史街区现存的问题进行总结,分析保护与利用的关系,针对问题提出保护更新的相关策略.引导商业模式,对历史元素进行活化与利用,整合利用公共空间,协助居民提升生活质量,达到更新改善人居环境、保护延续传统生活形态的目的.     

Reading handwritten digits: a ZIP code recognition system

A neural network algorithm-based system that reads handwritten ZIP codes appearing on real US mail is described. The system uses a recognition-based segmenter, that is a hybrid of connected-components analysis (CCA), vertical cuts, and a neural network recognizer. Connected components that are single digits are handled by CCA. CCs that are combined or dissected digits are handled by the vertical-cut segmenter. The four main stages of processing are preprocessing, in which noise is removed and the digits are deslanted, CCA segmentation and recognition, vertical-cut-point estimation and segmentation, and directly lookup. The system was trained and tested on approximately 10000 images, five- and nine-digit ZIP code fields taken from real mail     

东非海岸盆地下侏罗统沉积特征及其控源作用

下侏罗统烃源岩是东非海岸盆地的主力烃源岩。利用钻井、测井、地震及地球化学分析化验等资料,结合区域构造演化,对东非海岸盆地下侏罗统的沉积特征进行了分析和描述,并结合其烃源岩发育特征,对烃源岩的成因模式及其主控因素进行了刻画和评价。研究结果表明：①东非海岸盆地早侏罗世受区域构造作用影响,形成了狭长而闭塞的海湾沉积环境,发育河流-三角洲-滨浅海-局限海或浅海沉积体系;②下侏罗统发育的局限海相泥岩为盆地内的优质烃源岩,其TOC平均为4.2%,有机质类型以Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁型为主,已达成熟—过成熟演化阶段,泥岩厚度大且分布广,生烃潜力大;主力烃源岩的发育与展布受其独特的海湾沉积环境影响,由北向南盆地主力烃源岩的质量及生烃潜力逐渐变好;③东非海岸盆地发育局限海相沉积型、潟湖相沉积型和三角洲相沉积型3种烃源岩成因模式,其中局限海相沉积型烃源岩是盆地优质烃源岩的主要成因类型,岩性以稳定分布的厚层泥岩为主,夹薄层砂岩,总体评价为好烃源岩;④东非海岸盆地最有利的生烃区带位于鲁伍马盆地和坦桑尼亚盆地深水沉积的中心区域。该研究结果可为东非海岸盆地的油气勘探指明方向。