Psychosocial and health consequences of adolescent depression in Black and White young adult women.

Depression in adolescent girls may result in negative consequences in young adulthood. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to 1,727 Black and White girls ages 16 to 18 years who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Growth and Health Study. Three years later, women in the depressed groups were more likely to be current smokers, had attained a lower level of education, and reported lower self-worth relative to the nondepressed group. Body dissatisfaction, eating concerns, and loneliness were greater in the depressed groups. Relative to Black women, White women who were moderately depressed during adolescence reported more health care services utilization in young adulthood. Prevention efforts for depressed adolescents should be broadly focused to improve young adult outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Low-Frequency Magnetic Response in the Pseudogap Phase of Cuprate Perovskites

We calculate the magnetic susceptibility in the pseudogap phase of cuprates using the two-dimensional t-J model and the Mori projection operator technique. In this phase, the Fermi arcs lead to a quasi-elastic incommensurate magnetic response for low temperatures. The theory accounts for the reorientation of the susceptibility maxima from the axial to the diagonal direction occurring at small hole concentrations in La_2?x Sr _x CuO₄. A small cusp of the hole dispersion near the Fermi level, which is connected with the spin-polaron band, affords the growth of the maxima with decreasing frequency. As in the superconducting phase, the susceptibility maxima have an hourglass dispersion. The assumption of the phase separation into regions of superconducting and pseudogap phases in underdoped cuprates explains the lack of the superconducting gap in their susceptibility. The observed rapid change of widths of the susceptibility maxima with frequency is related to the contribution of the pseudogap phase. This contribution may also explain the strengthening of the quasi-elastic response by modest magnetic fields and by small impurity concentrations.     

A few bad ideas on the way to the triumph of parallel computing

Parallelism has become mainstream, in the multicore chip, the GPU, and the internet datacenter running MapReduce. In my field, large-scale scientific computing, parallelism now reigns triumphant.     

Perceived urban design qualities and affective experiences of walking

This study investigates associations between perceived micro-level urban design qualities, the affective experience of walking, and intention to walk specific routes in the neighbourhood. A total of 106 residents assessed on-site three routes planned for walking in semi-central neighbourhoods. In the prediction of the residents’ intention to choose to walk and intention to avoid walking the route, perceived urban design qualities were mediated by the affective experience of valence of the walk. The perceived complexity and aesthetic quality, upkeep and order, and the presence of well-maintained greenery, were identified as important. These perceived urban design qualities and affective experiences varied between the three routes, but also within the routes. It is proposed that understanding of site-specific affective experience of walking environments could serve as guidance for urban design practices.     

Surface-modified reusable gold electrode for detection of dissolved oxygen

The behavior of gold electrodes for the detection of dissolved oxygen was studied by the method of cyclic voltammetry in a phosphate-buffered solution with physiological pH. Surface modification with electropolymerized poly (o-phenylenediamine) film was performed to improve electrode antifouling properties. The voltammetric signature of oxygen was considered in terms of film electropolymerization conditions and post-deposition conditioning of the electrodes. The changes in the chemical structure of the poly (o-phenylenediamine) films as a result of these factors were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Following long post-deposition conditioning in a phosphate-buffered solution, the modified electrodes exhibited stable voltammetric signatures in repeated tests and during storage as well as in the presence of a dense population of Escherichia coli (characterized by negligible metabolic activity) in the buffer. The results are indicative of the improved electrode antifouling properties.     

Recycling von marinen Sekundärrohstoffen

As a waste product, oyster shells pose a major environmental pollution problem and the reuse of the material is becoming increasingly important. Since the comminution process in the recycling of secondary raw materials defines the properties of the material, oyster shells were grinded using a planetary ball mill and an impact mill and the fractions obtained were analyzed in terms of size and shape and compared with each other. A comminuted material from the impact mill was used for a series of wetting experiments, which helped to demonstrate the surface free energy of the material.     

[2.2]Paracyclophane-Based TCN-201 Analogs as GluN2A-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Recent studies have shown the involvement of GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors in various neurological and pathological disorders. In the X-ray crystal structure, TCN-201 ( 1 ) and analogous pyrazine derivatives 2 and 3 adopt a U-shape (hairpin) conformation within the binding site formed by the ligand binding domains of the GluN1 and GluN2A subunits. In order to mimic the resulting π/π-interactions of two aromatic rings in the binding site, a [2.2]paracyclophane system was designed to lock these aromatic rings in a parallel orientation. Acylation of [2.2]paracyclophane ( 5 ) with oxalyl chloride and chloroacetyl chloride and subsequent transformations led to the oxalamide 7 , triazole 10 and benzamides 12 . The GluN2A inhibitory activities of the paracyclophane derivatives were tested with two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing selectively functional NMDA receptors with GluN2A subunit. The o-iodobenzamide 12 b with the highest similarity to TCN-201 showed the highest GuN2A inhibitory activity of this series of compounds. At a concentration of 10 μM, 12 b reached 36 % of the inhibitory activity of TCN-201 ( 1 ). This result indicates that the [2.2]paracyclophane system is well accepted by the TCN-201 binding site.     

Chemical Biology Towards Precision Medicine

Organic chemistry is primed to fill a much-needed gap in our understanding of human biology and disease on the one hand and our ability to treat disease effectively on the other. The key challenge is to discover compounds having the novel mechanisms of action demanded by these new patient-derived insights.