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31.
For the Ti-rich, Ti-AI system, the- and-
2 phase boundaries have been obtained through differential thermal analysis for alloy compositions ranging from 10.2 to 25.2 at% Al (6 to 16 wt% Al). It has been shown that in the above mentioned composition range, a metastable disordered-phase can be quenched in. This metastable then transforms to the ordered
2(DO)19 phase upon heating and/or isothermal ageing. It has also been observed that the kinetics of this ordering phenomenon is composition dependent. 相似文献
32.
N. Z. Mehdizadeh M. Lamontagne C. Moreau S. Chandra J. Mostaghimi 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2005,14(3):354-361
Plasma-sprayed molten molybdenum particles (∼40 μm in diameter) were photographed impinging at high velocity (∼140 m/s) on
a glass substrate at room temperature. An optical sensor detected thermal radiation emitted by a droplet as it approached
the substrate and activated a time delay unit. After a selected time interval, an Nd:YAG laser was triggered, emitting a 5
ns pulse that provided illumination for a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to photograph the impacting droplet through a
long-range microscope. By varying the delay before pulsing the laser, different stages of droplet deformation were recorded.
Impacting droplets spread into a thin circular film that ruptured and broke into small fragments. An optical detector recording
thermal radiation from the impacting droplet gave a signal that increased as the droplet spread out, reached a maximum when
the liquid film began to rupture, and decreased as portions of the droplet recoiled because of surface tension and then flew
out of view of the photodetector. 相似文献
33.
Silicon - In recent times, the study on machining characteristics of combined (hybrid) fiber polymer composites has drawn a remarkable research attention because of its emerging industrial... 相似文献
34.
Paresh Chandra Dutta 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(6):659-666
Hydrogenated rapeseed oil/palm oil blend, sunflower oil and high-oleic sunflower oil, and French fries fried in these oils
were assessed for contents of sterol oxidation products. Different oxidation products of phytosterols (7α- and 7β-hydroxy-sito-and
campesterol, 7-ketosito- and 7-ketocampesterol, 5α,6α-epoxy-sito- and campesterol, 5β,6β-epoxy-sito-and campesterol, dihydroxysitosterol
and dihydroxycampesterol) were identified and quantiated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy. Rapeseed oil/palm
oil blend contained 41 ppm total sterol oxides before frying operations. After two days of frying, this level was increased
to 60 ppm. Sunflower oil and high-oleic sunflower oil had 40 and 46 ppm sterol oxides, respectively, before frying operations.
After two days of frying operations, these levels increased to 57 and 56 ppm, respectively. In addition to campesterol and
sitosterol oxidation products, small amounts of 7α- and 7β-hydroxystigmasterol were detected in the oil samples. Total sterol
oxides in the lipids of French fries fried at 200°C in rapeseed oil/palm oil blend, sunflower oil, and high-oleic sunflower
oil were 32, 37, and 54 ppm, respectively. The levels of total oxidized sterols, calculated per g sample, ranged from 2.4
to 4.0 ppm. In addition to the content of phytosterol oxides, full scan mass spectra of several oxidation products of stigmasterol
are reported for the first time.
Part of these results were presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the AOCS, May 7–11, 1995, San Antonio, TX. 相似文献
35.
Dilip Chandra Ghimire Sudip Adhikari Hideo Uchida Masayoshi Umeno 《Diamond and Related Materials》2006,15(11-12):1792
We report the effects of gas composition pressure (GCP) on the optical, structural and electrical properties of thin amorphous carbon (a-C) films grown on p-type silicon and quartz substrates by microwave surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MW SWP CVD). The films, deposited at various GCPs ranging from 50 to 110 Pa, were studied by UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and current–voltage characteristics. The optical band gap of the a-C film was tailored to a relatively high range, 2.3–2.6 eV by manipulating GCPs from 50 to 110 Pa. Also, spin density strongly depended on the band gap of the a-C films. Raman spectra showed qualitative structured changes due to sp3/sp2 carbon bonding network. The surfaces of the films are found to be very smooth and uniform (RMS roughness < 0.5 nm). The photovoltaic measurements under light illumination (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show that short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and photo-conversion efficiency of the film deposited at 50 Pa were 6.4 μA/cm2, 126 mV, 0.164 and 1.4 × 10− 4% respectively. 相似文献
36.
Valve trays are becoming popular in the chemical process industries owing to their flexibility to handle a wide range of vapor
throughputs. Using the rigorous rate based model, the importance of the non-equilibrium approach is demonstrated for a typical
extractive distillation process in a Glitsch V-1 valve tray column. Simulation results based on an in-house developed code
indicated that the rate based model predictions for a valve tray column operation showed significant differences relative
to the equilibrium model. Even small errors in product purities translated into nonoptimal feed stage locations and inaccurate
number of stages required. The counter-intuitive effect of high reflux ratio on separation is explained. 相似文献
37.
A series of monomers were prepared by reacting (meth)acryloyl chloride with 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone, respectively. The monomers were polymerized in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70°C using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Polymer–metal complexes were obtained from DMF solutions of polymers with an aqueous solution of metal ions. The polymers and polymer–metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The IR spectra of these complexes suggest that the metals are coordinated through the oxygen of the carbonyl group and the oxygen of the phenolic–OH group. The electronic spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and magnetic moments of polychelates showed an octahedral and square planar structure for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes, respectively. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that polychelates are highly crystalline. The thermal and electrical properties, catalytic activity, and structure–property relationships are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2083–2090, 2003 相似文献
38.
Field Validation of DNDC Model for Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-based Production Systems of India 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Y. Jagadeesh Babu C. Li S. Frolking D. R. Nayak T. K. Adhya 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2006,74(2):157-174
The DNDC (DeNitrification and DeComposition) model was tested against experimental data on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice fields at different geographical locations in India. There was a good agreement between the simulated
and observed values of CH4 and N2O emissions. The difference between observed and simulated CH4 emissions in all sites ranged from −11.6 to 62.5 kg C ha−1 season−1. Most discrepancies between simulated and observed seasonal fluxes were less than 20% of the field estimate of the seasonal
flux. The relative deviation between observed and simulated cumulative N2O emissions ranged from −237.8 to 28.6%. However, some discrepancies existed between observed and simulated seasonal patterns
of CH4 and N2O emissions. The model simulated zero N2O emissions from continuously flooded rice fields and poorly simulated CH4 emissions from Allahabad site. For all other simulated cases, the model satisfactorily simulated the seasonal variations
in greenhouse gas emission from paddy fields with different land management. The model also simulated the C and N balances
in all the sites, including other gas fluxes, viz. CO2, NO, NO2, N2 and NH3 emissions. Sensitivity tests for CH4 indicate that soil texture and pH significantly influenced the CH4 emission. Changes in organic C content had a moderate influence on CH4 emission on these sites. Introducing the mid-season drainage reduced CH4 emissions significantly. Process-based biogeochemical modeling, as with DNDC, can help in identifying strategies for optimizing
resource use, increasing productivity, closing yield gaps and reducing adverse environmental impacts. 相似文献
39.
This paper presents results from an industrial study that applied input space partitioning and semi-automated requirements modeling to large-scale industrial software, specifically financial calculation engines. Calculation engines are used in financial service applications such as banking, mortgage, insurance, and trading to compute complex, multi-conditional formulas to make high risk financial decisions. They form the heart of financial applications, and can cause severe economic harm if incorrect. Controllability and observability of these calculation engines are low, so robust and sophisticated test methods are needed to ensure the results are valid. However, the industry norm is to use pure human-based, requirements-driven test design, usually with very little automation. The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), commonly known as Freddie Mac, concerned that these test design techniques may lead to ineffective and inefficient testing, partnered with a university to use high quality, sophisticated test design on several ongoing projects. The goal was to determine if such test design can be cost-effective on this type of critical software. In this study, input space partitioning, along with automation, were applied with the help of several special-purpose tools to validate the effectiveness of input space partitioning. Results showed that these techniques were far more effective (finding more software faults) and more efficient (requiring fewer tests and less labor), and the managers reported that the testing cycle was reduced from five human days to 0.5. This study convinced upper management to begin infusing this approach into other software development projects. 相似文献
40.
Rohitash Chandra 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2014,18(8):1549-1559
Cooperative coevolution decomposes an optimisation problem into subcomponents and collectively solves them using evolutionary algorithms. Memetic algorithms provides enhancement to evolutionary algorithms with local search. Recently, the incorporation of local search into a memetic cooperative coevolution method has shown to be efficient for training feedforward networks on pattern classification problems. This paper applies the memetic cooperative coevolution method for training recurrent neural networks on grammatical inference problems. The results show that the proposed method achieves better performance in terms of optimisation time and robustness. 相似文献