In Situ Study of Nanostructure and Electrical Resistance of Nanocluster Films Irradiated with Ion Beams

An in situ study is reported on the structural evolution in nanocluster films under He⁺ ion irradiation using an advanced helium ion microscope. The films consist of loosely interconnected nanoclusters of magnetite or iron‐magnetite (Fe‐Fe₃O₄) core‐shells. The nanostructure is observed to undergo dramatic changes under ion‐beam irradiation, featuring grain growth, phase transition, particle aggregation, and formation of nanowire‐like network and nanopores. Studies based on ion irradiation, thermal annealing and electron irradiation have indicated that the major structural evolution is activated by elastic nuclear collisions, while both electronic and thermal processes can play a significant role once the evolution starts. The electrical resistance of the Fe‐Fe₃O₄ films measured in situ exhibits a super‐exponential decay with dose. The behavior suggests that the nanocluster films possess an intrinsic merit for development of an advanced online monitor for fast neutron radiation with both high detection sensitivity and long‐term applicability, which can enhance safety measures in many nuclear operations.     

Automatic generation of noise-free time-activity curve with gated blood-pool emission tomography using deformation of a reference curve

This paper describes a new method for assessing clinical parameters from a noisy regional time-activity curve (TAC) in tomographic gated blood-pool ventriculography. This method is based on a priori knowledge on the shape of a TAC, and shape approximation. The rejection method was used to generate different random Poisson deviates, covering standard count levels, of six representative TACs in order to test and compare the proposed method with harmonic and multiharmonic reconstruction methods. These methods were compared by evaluating four clinical parameters: time of end systole, amplitude, peak ejection and filling rates. Overall, the accuracy of assessment of these parameters was found to be better with the method described in this paper than with standard multiharmonic fits.     

宽色域显示器

新兴的宽色域显示器,主要是具有LED背光源的直视式LCDs,它能给使用者提供更多的用途和更佳的娱乐体验.但是完全推广它,仍然困难重重.显示器制造商如何确保实现平稳地过滤到宽色域世界呢?     

Restrictions on the three-class ideal observer's decision boundary lines

We are attempting to develop expressions for the coordinates of points on the three-class ideal observer's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) hypersurface as functions of the set of decision criteria used by the ideal observer. This is considerably more difficult than in the two-class classification task, because the conditional probabilities in question are not simply related to the cumulative distribution functions of the decision variables, and because the slopes and intercepts of the decision boundary lines are not independent; given the locations of two of the lines, the location of the third will be constrained depending on the other two. In this paper, we attempt to characterize those constraining relationships among the three-class ideal observer's decision boundary lines. As a result, we show that the relationship between the decision criteria and the misclassification probabilities is not one-to-one, as it is for the two-class ideal observer.     

Scalability study of the ad hoc on‐demand distance vector routing protocol

As mobile networking continues to experience increasing popularity, the need to connect large numbers of wireless devices will become more prevalent. Many recent proposals for ad hoc routing have certain characteristics that may limit their scalability to large networks. This paper examines five different combinations of modifications that may be incorporated into virtually any on‐demand protocol in order to improve its scalability. The scalability of current on‐demand routing protocols is evaluated through the selection of a representative from this class of protocols. The performance of the un‐modified on‐demand protocol is compared against that of it combined with each of the scalability modifications. Each scheme's behavior is analyzed in networks as large as 10,000 nodes through detailed simulation. Based on the observations, conclusions are drawn as to the expected scalability improvement that can be achieved by each modification. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Accelerated life test calculations using the method of maximum likelihood: an improvement over least squares

Reliability calculations from failure time data are often performed using least squares regression of the log of the mean time to failure (MTTF) vs. inverse temperature. It is demonstrated that this method produces estimates of relevant parameters like E_a and MTTF with confidence limits that are larger and more variable than necessary. In comparison, the method of maximum likelihood makes more efficient use of the data and as a result, does not suffer from the above difficulties. A previously published dataset is used to compare the two techniques and the maximum likelihood approach is shown to be superior.     

Low-power pulse-width-modulated neuromorphic spiking circuit allowing signed double byte data transfer along a single channel

A new design methodology is presented for outputting digital information from asynchronous analogue circuits, which allows signed frequency encoded signal transfer along a single channel. The circuit outputs data as a series of rate and pulse-width encoded spikes: pulse- width modulation is used to represent vector and pulse frequency modulation is used to represent magnitude symbiotically. This technique can be used to increase the bandwidth of multiplexed neural signals, such as for address event registration, or by using a time-to- first-spike system, to multiplex signals on a single channel. Additionally, feedback has been used to improve the switching speed of current starved inverters, reducing their power consumption by over an order of magnitude.     

Effect of 0.1 at.% zirconium on the cyclic oxidation resistance ofβ-NiAl

The effect of 0.1 at.% Zr (0.2 wt.% Zr) on the cyclic oxidation of hipped -NiAl was studied. Oxidation testing was performed in static air at 1100–1200 °C, using 1-hr exposure cycles for test times up to 3000 hr. The weight change versus time data were modeled with the COSP computer program to analyze and predict cyclic-oxidation behavior. Zr additions significantly change the nature of the scale-spalling process during cooling so that the oxide spalls near the oxide-air interface at a relatively low depth within the scale. Without Zr, the predominantly -Al₂O₃ scale tends to spall randomly to bare metal at relatively high effective-scale-loss rates, particularly at 1150°C and 1200°C. This leads to higher rates of Al consumption for the Zr-free aluminide and much earlier depletion of Al, leading to eventual breakaway (i.e., failure).     

平顶光束激光冲击2024铝合金诱导残余应力场的模拟与实验

对平顶光束激光冲击2024铝合金诱导的残余应力情况进行了有限元模拟与实验研究。改进了平顶光束诱导冲击波的压力分布模型,并将该模型用于残余应力场的有限元模拟。在实验室环境下获得了适合用于激光冲击的高质量平顶光束,并使用该光束进行激光冲击2024铝合金的实验,实验结果和模拟结果基本一致。研究发现平顶光束冲击2024铝合金有如下特点:存在一个阈值,当激光冲击波压力小于该阈值时,影响区内残余应力场近似均匀分布;当冲击波压力大于该阈值时会引起"残余应力洞",但该"残余应力洞"内部近似均匀分布。在深度方向上,塑性影响深度和最大残余应力深度随激光冲击波压力的增加而增加。     

边缘接入智能化

MMAP(多功能、多业务接入平台)集成了光纤传输和接入技术,使接入网和城域网(MAN)融合在一起。