Synthesis,Characterization and Aqueous Properties of a New Hybrid Fluorocarbon Cationic Surfmer

A novel hybrid fluorocarbon cationic surfmer has been synthesized and its aggregation and surface properties have been studied by surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Through surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence and Rayleigh light scattering measurements, the effectiveness of surface tension reduction, the maximum surface excess concentration, the minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface, the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles were investigated. The results shows that the surfmer has superior surface activity and lower micropolarity than other surfmers. The critical micelle concentration at different temperatures and a series of thermodynamic parameters (, , and , , , and ) of micellization were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the micelle formation was entropy‐driven in the temperature range of 15–40 °C. The size and morphology of the aggregates were also confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.     

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON‐fed and FO‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre‐weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.     

Assessment of temperature-dependent fracture behavior with different fracture mechanics concepts on examples of unoriented and cold-rolled polypropylene

Applicability of different fracture mechanics concepts, including linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), equivalent energy concept, and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM), to assessing the temperature-dependent fracture behavior was compared using examples of an unoriented and a cold-rolled polypropylene under quasistatic and under dynamic loading. Under quasistatic loading, the fracture toughness values were determined from the recorded load versus load-line displacement curves on compact tension (CT) specimens. Fracture toughness values under dynamic loading were determined from the recorded load versus deflection curves on single edge-notched bend (SENB) specimens. In spite of its simplicity as an engineering design parameter, on the basis of the LEFM concept, the stress intensity factor K can only be validly used in a limited temperature range. Instead, the EPFM parameters (i.e., the J integral and the crack opening displacement (COD) concepts) can be applied over a wider temperature range. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1237–1249, 1997     

Employment of Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Detecting Lard Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil

Lard (LD) has been commonly used as an adulterant in fats and oils. The similar physical characteristic of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to LD makes LD a desirable adulterant in VCO. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides unique thermal profiling for each oil and can be used to detect LD adulteration in VCO. In the heating thermogram of the mixture, there was one major endothermic peak (peak A) with a smaller shoulder peak embedded in the major peak that gradually smoothed out to the major peak as the LD% increased. In the cooling thermogram, there were one minor peak (peak B) and two major exothermic peaks, peak C which increased as LD% increased and peak D which decreased in size as the LD% increased. From Stepwise Multiple Linear regression (SMLR) analysis, two independent variables were found to be able to predict LD% adulteration in VCO with R ² (adjusted) of 95.82. The SMLR equation of LD% adulteration in VCO is 293.1 − 11.36 (T _e A) − 2.17 (T _r D); where T _e A is the endset of peak A and T _r D is the range of thermal transition for peak D. These parameters can serve as a good measurement index in detecting LD adulteration in VCO.     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the antibacterial and physical properties of polyethylene-based film

TiO₂ nanoparticles and their application in packaging systems have attracted a lot of attention because of its antimicrobial activity. In this work, effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the antibacterial and physical properties of polyethylene (PE)-based film was investigated. Results indicated that the antibacterial activity of TiO₂-incorporated PE films should be due to the killing effect property of TiO₂ nanoparticles against microorganisms. The TiO₂-incorporated PE film exhibited more effective antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity to inactivate Escherichia coli or S. aureus was improved by UV irradiation. The inhibition ratio of TiO₂-incorporated PE films sample irradiated for 60 min by UV light was improved significantly, which were 89.3% for E. coli and 95.2% for S. aureus, respectively, compared to that of TiO₂-PE film without UV irradiation. The analysis of physical properties revealed that TiO₂ nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and elongation at break of PE-based film. The climate resistance of nano-TiO₂ films is greatly enhanced, compared to that of the blank PE film. Water vapor transmission increased from 18.1 to 24.6 g/m²·24 h with the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Results revealed that PE based film incorporating with TiO₂ nanoparticles have a good potential to be used as active food packaging system.     

Dense Bi3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9 ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering

Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics have attracted much attention due to its interesting dielectric and magnetic properties. However, the Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method have a maximum density of about 60% of the theoretical density. Decomposition at temperatures higher than 850 °C precluded the preparation of a more highly dense sample. In the present research, dense ferroelectric Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics with a density of more than 97% of the theoretical one were prepared by spark plasma sintering. XRD data shows that Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ has an orthorhombic Aurivillius-type structure.     

滤池前端投加粉末活性炭工艺的水处理效果研究

考察滤池前端投加粉末活性炭（PAC）T艺的水处理效果,模拟其他位置投加PAC时去除水中有机物的情况,并与滤池前端投加PAC工艺的去除效率进行比较。实验结果说明：在滤池前端投加适量的PAC可以将过滤对COD‰、UV254的去除率提高20％以上,CODMn、UV254平均去除率约为26％、27％;滤池前端投加10mg／LPAC时,沉淀、过滤两个过程对CODMn、UV254的总去除率分别约为40％、55％,与混凝过程投加15mg／I。PAC时取得的效果相当,说明滤池前端投加PAC能更好地发挥其吸附作用,利用效率更高。     

Synthesis of high-entropy diboride nanopowders via molten salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction

Powder synthesis is critical for implementing the wide applications of high-entropy diborides (HEBs). However, the low-temperature synthesis of HEB powders was rarely reported. Herein, the low-temperature synthesis of the single-phase HEB nanopowders via molten salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction (MMR) method was reported for the first time. The results showed that the as-synthesized nanopowders consisted of the single-phase HEBs and their average particle sizes are in the range of 28-56 nm. Meanwhile, they possessed the good compositional homogeneity and the low-content oxygen impurity in the range of 4.13-6.12 at%. In addition, their formation mechanism could be well interpreted by a classical MMR growth process.     

苜蓿田杂草茎口叶处理药剂筛选试验报告

对5％普施特AS、25％苯达松AS、50％高特克SE、15％精稳匀得EC、6．9％威霸EW等10种除草剂及其混用在苜缩中进行了药效试验。除草效果达到80．7％－98．2％，增产效果显著。     

FTIR spectroscopic determination of soap in refined vegetable oils

A new analytical method was developed for the determination of soap in palm and groundnut oils by FTIR spectroscopy. Soap from 0 to 80 mg/kg oil was produced in situ in the oils by adding sodium hydroxide. The FTIR spectroscopy was with a sodium chloride transmission cell, and the partial least-squares statistical method was used to calibrate a model for each oil. The accuracy of the method was comparable to that of AOCS Method Cc17-95, with coefficients of determination (R ²) of 0.98 and 0.98 for both palm and groundnut oils. The standard errors of calibration were 1.84 and 1.36 for the two oils, respectively. The calibration models were cross-validated, and the R ² of cross-validation and standard errors of cross validation were computed. The standard deviation of the difference for repeatability of the FTIR method was better than that for the chemical method used for determining soap in palm and groundnut oils. With its speed and ease of data manipulation by computer software, FTIR spectroscopy is a possible alternative to the standard wet chemical methods for rapid (2 min) and accurate routine determination of soap in chemically refined vegetable oils.