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941.
942.
F Javier Álvarez‐Hornos Carmen Gabaldón Vicente Martínez‐Soria Paula Marzal Josep‐Manuel Penya‐roja 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):643-653
BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m?3 h?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m?3 h?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m?3 h?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
943.
Jiang-Li Chen Zhuo Xu Shao-Bo Qu Xiao-Yong Wei Xiao-Hui Liu 《Ceramics International》2008,34(4):803-807
The NiFe2O4 and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramic composites are prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The microstructural and morphological properties of the composites are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the ferrite and piezoelectric phases can co-exist in the composites. The relationship between the dielectric constant and frequency (40 Hz–40 MHz) as well as temperature is also investigated. It is noted that the transition temperature of the composites is about 380 °C. A double electric hysteresis loop is observed in our composites. The magnetic properties are relatively weak according to the magnetic hysteresis loop. With increase in the content of the ferrite phase, the permeability increases. The electromagnetic properties of the as-prepared composites are tunable according to the content of the NiFe2O4 phase. 相似文献
944.
945.
946.
Edna R Meza‐Escalante Anne‐Claire Texier Flor Cuervo‐López Jorge Gómez Francisco J Cervantes 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):372-377
BACKGROUND: Many industrial discharges, such as those generated from petrochemical refineries, contain large amounts of sulfurous, nitrogenous and organic contaminants. Denitrification has emerged as a suitable technology for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants in a single reactor unit; however, more evidence is demanded to clarify the limitations of denitrification on the simultaneous removal of sulfide and phenolic contaminants and to optimize the biological process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a denitrifying sludge to simultaneously convert sulfide and p‐cresol via denitrification. RESULTS: Sulfide was the preferred electron donor over p‐cresol, imposing a 5 h lag phase (required for complete sulfide removal) on organotrophic denitrification. Addition of sulfide (20 mg S2? L?1) to p‐cresol‐amended denitrifying cultures also decreased the reduction rate of nitrate and nitrite, as well as the production rate of nitrogen gas. Nitrite reduction rate was the most affected step by sulfide, decreasing from 35 to 21 mg N (g VSS d)?1. A synergistic inhibitory effect of nitrate and sulfide was also observed on nitrite reduction. Despite the effects of sulfide on the respiratory rates monitored, complete removal of nitrate, sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that simultaneous removal of sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved in denitrifying reactors, but a large hydraulic residence time may be required to sustain an efficient process due to inhibitory effects of sulfide. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
947.
英台地区天然水驱油藏的开发特点及稳产技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
陈国利 《油气地质与采收率》2003,10(6):45-47
掌握边底水运动规律,控制并利用活跃的边底水能量,是成功开发天然水驱油藏的关键。英台地区的英台、四方坨子和一棵树等三个油田均为天然水驱油藏,天然能量充足。油藏投入开发后初期含水较高,含水上升极快,造成产油量大幅度递减。针对其开发特点,适时采用大泵、电潜泵提液强采,通过大量补孔层间接替以及加密调整和扩边等稳产技术措施,确保了油藏以3%-5%的采油速度长期稳产,水驱采收率高达50%以上。 相似文献
948.
This paper discussed the application of the method of the simplex-lattice design for predicting the properties of cement-based composites. On the basis of the compressive strength, its use was demonstrated on ternary paste systems composed of cement, silica fume and fly ash with constant water to binder ratio and a mass fraction of mineral admixtures not exceeding 30%. The regression model between compressive strength of paste and binder proportion was built up. The F-test method was utilized for validation of the regression model. The nonlinear programming system with upper and lower bound was solved. This allowed assessment of optimum mixture proportions and corresponding maximum compressive strength. It was shown that: (1) the 3rd-order regression model constructed by using the simplex-lattice design method could accurately predict the compressive strength in ternary paste system made of cement, silica fume and fly ash (the total mass fraction of all mineral admixtures was up to 30%); (2) to solve the nonlinear programming with the constraints of upper and lower bound played an important role in getting the optimum compressive strength and its corresponding mixture proportion at different ages; (3) the combination of the simplex-lattice design method and the optimization theory could be valuable tool for optimization of cement-based composites' properties. 相似文献
949.
Ying‐Hung So 《Polymer International》2006,55(2):127-138
Poly(2,4‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(benzo[1,2‐d:5,4‐d′]bisoxazole‐2,6‐diyl‐1,4‐phenylene) (PBO) and poly(benzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d′]bisthiazole‐2,6‐diyl‐1,4‐phenylene) (PBZT), which are polymers with extended conjugated structures, undergo a self‐sensitized photo‐induced electron‐transfer reaction. A second component is not required. This article presents many similar observations on these polymers when they are exposed to light and evidence to support the proposed photo‐induced electron‐transfer mechanism. Methods to stabilize these polymers against photo‐oxidation are also described. Workers investigating other conjugated polymeric systems may find the experimental methods, observations and polymer stabilization approaches discussed in this review useful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
950.