A linear minimum mean square error multiuser receiver inRayleigh-fading channels

We generalize the multiuser (CDMA spread spectrum) communication systems to the fading environments. We first extend Verdu's (1986) conventional optimum receiver to Rayleigh-fading environments and then evaluate its performance. Having no knowledge of the received power at the receiving end, we therefore need an estimator to efficiently estimate the received signal strength of each user in fading environments. A linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) unbiased estimator is proposed to attain this goal. By using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) Bayesian estimation, we further propose the LMMSE bit estimator for efficient demodulation. Its performance is close to the optimum multiuser receiver but with a much simpler polynomial complexity. To further reduce the complexity, we extend the LMMSE estimator to the sequential LMMSE estimator. In sequential estimation, we do not need to implement the matched filter banks and to perform the matrix inversion when estimating. In addition, it converges after approximately 2k iterations, where k is the number of users. With this fast convergence property and the simple structure, the sequential LMMSE estimator provides an attractive alternative to the implementation of a multiuser system     

Microtiter plate binding assay for cholinergic compounds utilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

A receptor-based binding assay for the determination of cholinergic compounds of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been developed. By conducting the assay in a 96-well microtiter plate, the method is suitable for large-scale screening in drug development. Solid-phase extraction of the enzyme label significantly simplifies the assay protocol compared to earlier methods. The assay is based on immobilization of biotin-BSA on the microtiter which takes up avidin-labeled peroxidase due to avidin-biotin interaction. To perform the assay, a ligand (the analyte) and a biotin alpha-bungarotoxin conjugate (alpha Bgt-biotin) sequentially bind to a vesicle bound nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This is done either in a test tube, assay I, or in a biotinylated microtiter well, assay II. Avidin-HRP is then added to this mixture; free alpha Bgt-biotin conjugate and immobilized biotin-BSA compete for the avidin sites. After the assay solution has been aspirated off, bound enzyme activity is determined which is directly related to the amount of alpha Bgt-biotin added. Dose-response curves of cholinergic compounds and Scatchard plots were generated to evaluate the apparent binding constants. Kinetic studies were conducted for the purpose of optimization. The final assay can be performed in under 4 h with a minimum of sample handling.     

碱性元素在蚀变岩型金矿床中的分布特征及其评价意义

本文以山东招远河金矿为例，研究了蚀变岩型金矿中碱性元素（碱金属及碱土金属）的分布特征及其与金矿化的关系，据晕内碱性元素的分布和分带性探讨了找矿评价意义。     

Efficient dynamic synchronous machine simulation with harmonics

Within this paper, an efficient procedure for the dynamic simulation of faulted synchronous machines operating in the presence of harmonics is presented. The algorithm employs steady-state frequency domain techniques for simulation of the transmission system sequence networks and time domain methods for synchronous machines represented in the odq frame of reference. The procedure affords greater accuracy than conventional fault analysis techniques based strictly on steady-state methods, yet requires far less computational time than full system dynamic simulations such as those using the EMTP     

The relationship between denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in a mixed culture system of acclimated sludges

The interaction between denitrification and methanogenesis, with methanol functioning as an electron donor, has been examined through usage of a mixed culture system of denitrifying sludge and methanogenic sludge in an anaerobic bioreactor. Competition for methanol between these two kinds of biocommunity could not be observed, whereas methanogenesis was suppressed as long as nitrate and nitrite were made available in the mixed system. The inhibition of methanogenesis in the methanogenic sludge caused by nitrogen oxides was studied. The redox potential (E_h) of the culture was monitored and/or controlled for the sake of characterizing the behavior of the biocommunities. An addition of nitrite elevated the E_h of the culture less than nitrate did. Nitrite addition, however, exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on methanogenesis as compared to nitrate at the same concentration. The influence of redox potential on the methanation of methanol was examined by using a methanogenic sludge in the E_h-stat batch culture. The hypothesis that the inhibitory effect being expressed by the nitrogen oxides is not simply attributed to an elevation of the redox potential of the culture is supported by the experimental results. The toxic effect of the nitrogen oxides themselves could also have possibly contributed significantly.     

Unit risk estimates for airborne arsenic exposure: an updated view based on recent data from two copper smelter cohorts

The current unit risk for airborne arsenic, 4.29 x 10(-3), was established by the EPA in 1984. Using updated results from a cohort mortality study on Tacoma smelter workers and recent findings from a cohort study of 3619 Swedish smelter workers, new unit risk estimates were developed for the respective cohorts. Methods were analogous to those used by the EPA in 1984, and all estimates were derived under an absolute risk model. A new unit risk 1.28 x 10(-3), was estimated for the Tacoma smelter cohort which was a factor of 5 less than the EPA's earlier estimate, and a direct result of radically revised exposure estimates. A unit risk of 0.89 x 10(-3) was estimated from the Swedish study. Pooling these new unit risk estimates with the EPA's earlier estimates from the Montana smelter cohort yielded a composite unit risk of 1.43 x 10(-3). Based on this estimate, the present unit risk may overestimate the effects of airborne arsenic by a factor of 3. A need to update the unit risk for airborne arsenic and the collateral IRIS database is evident from the results.     

Numerical electromagnetic simulator termination de-embeddingtechnique

The authors report a novel approach whereby transmission-line end effects can be assessed by numerical simulation without recourse to the evaluation of the propagation properties of the line interconnecting the termination and excitation signal launch planes. As an example of the new technique, a microstrip open-ended line termination simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method is reported. The simulated results are compared with those obtained for the same structure but by a conventional numerical de-embedding scheme. The method presented is completely general and can be applied to any numerical electromagnetic field simulation method solving one-port or multiport networks     

动态过程监视的最佳显示方式研究

文中讨论了人机界面的视学工效问题，通过实验评价了用于动态过程监视与控制的三种ＣＲＴ显示方式的工效，并由此得出人类视学系统反应对图形方式更优于对数字方式，图形与数字的复合方式。     

VAc／MMA半连续乳液共聚合的研究：Ⅱ分子量及其分布

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂，于７０℃下进行了ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ乳液共聚合试验。试验确定了不同组成ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ共聚物的Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ方程参数Ｋ和α值。对ＧＰＣ测试数据处理给出了加料速率，乳化剂量，单体比例及种子与非种子法对分子是及其分布的影响。     

IBM—PC系列机中的定时功能

本文介绍 IBM-PC 系列机中的定时信息。进而介绍利用这些信息实现各类长、短定时间隔的编程技巧,并以实例说明之。