加筋碎石桩加固砂土路堤边坡的试验研究

加筋碎石桩作为新型桩体被广泛用于路基加固领域,然而在路堤边坡加固或快速修复方面很少涉及。基于模型试验综合研究了加筋碎石桩桩位、桩长、桩的数量和加筋土工布类型等因素对其加固边坡效果的影响。试验结果表明:采用单根桩时,当加筋碎石桩距坡脚水平距离为0.6 H(H为坡高)和桩长为0.75 H时,其加固路堤边坡的效果最佳;相同宽度坡面时增加加筋碎石桩数量,可使边坡坡体极限承载力明显增加,而且当桩数相同时,采用抗拉强度高的土工布加筋碎石桩时边坡加固效果更加显著,且控制沉降效果更明显;对相同尺寸边坡,边坡极限荷载下加筋碎石桩变形后桩身与竖向的夹角随桩长增加而增大;坡面水平位移在坡顶和坡脚附近大,而坡面靠近加筋碎石桩桩顶附近的水平位移较小,表明加筋碎石桩可有效控制坡面上桩顶附近土体的水平变形。     

Construction of hierarchical TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanorod array/graphene/ZnO nanocomposites for high-performance photocatalysis

The photocatalytic performance of heterostructure photocatalysts is limited in practical use due to the charge accumulation at the interface and its low efficiency in utilizing solar energy during photocatalytic process. In this work, a ternary hierarchical TiO₂ nanorod arrays/graphene/ZnO nanocomposite is prepared by using graphene sheets as bridge between TiO₂ nanorod arrays (NRAs) and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via a facile combination of spin-coating and chemical vapor deposition techniques. The experimental study reveals that the graphene sheets provide a barrier-free access to transport photo-excited electrons from rutile TiO₂ NRAs and ZnO NPs. In addition, there generates an interface scattering effect of visible light as the graphene sheets provide appreciable nucleation sites for ZnO NPs. This synergistic effect in the ternary nanocomposite gives rise to a largely enhanced photocurrent density and visible light-driven photocatalytic activity, which is 2.6 times higher than that of regular TiO₂ NRAs/ZnO NPs heterostructure. It is expected that this hierarchical nanocomposite will be a promising candidate for applications in environmental remediation and energy fields.     

Automatic identification of cited text spans: a multi-classifier approach over imbalanced dataset

Scientometrics - Recently, a new form of structured summary on scientific papers is explored by grouping cited text spans from the reference paper. Its primary goal is to generate summaries based...     

蝶翅精细分级结构纳米Ag-Au/蝶翅复合材料的可控制备

通过调控蝶翅的分步浸渍,在蝶翅模板上原位还原生成不同形状的纳米Ag-Au颗粒,并嵌入蝶翅精细分级结构得到纳米Ag-Au/蝶翅复合材料。在Ag-Au/蝶翅复合材料形成过程中,蝶翅既提供了构筑精细分级结构纳米复合材料的基体模板,又通过活性基团（如：—CONH—、—OH）参与控制Ag-Au颗粒的还原。因此,通过调控浸渍过程的温度和浸渍方式等工艺参数,得到30~50 nm的实心球状、50~80 nm空心球、不规则螺母形等不同形状的纳米Ag-Au粒子,这些纳米粒子原位沉积并均匀镶嵌在蝶翅基体上,不仅实现了对蝶翅的精细分级结构的复制,而且调控了所生成纳米Ag-Au粒子的形状。这种基于自然生物模板进行液相浸渍的制备方法为有效制备具有精细分级结构和多组分功能纳米结构的复合材料提供了重要借鉴方法。     

Engineered Nanoplatelets for Targeted Delivery of Plasminogen Activators to Reverse Thrombus in Multiple Mouse Thrombosis Models

Rapid cut-off of blood supply in diseases involving thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the current thrombolysis strategies offer limited results due to the therapeutics' short half-lives, low targeting ability, and unexpected bleeding complications. Inspired by the innate roles of platelets in hemostasis and pathological thrombus, platelet membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles (nanoplatelets) are developed for targeting delivery of the thrombolytic drug, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), to local thrombus sites. The tailor-designed nanoplatelets efficiently accumulate at the thrombi in pulmonary embolism and mesenteric arterial thrombosis model mice, eliciting a significantly enhanced thrombolysis activity compared to free rt-PA. In addition, the nanoplatelets exhibit improved therapeutic efficacy over free rt-PA in an ischemic stroke model. Analysis of in vivo coagulation indicators suggests the nanoplatelets might possess a low risk of bleeding complications. The hybrid biomimetic nanoplatelets described offer a promising solution to improve the efficacy and reduce the bleeding risk of thrombolytic therapy in a broad spectrum of thrombosis diseases.     

Enhancing identification of structure function of academic articles using contextual information

Scientometrics - With the enrichment of literature resources, researchers are facing the growing problem of information explosion&nbsp;and knowledge overload. To help scholars retrieve...     

ContractGuard：面向以太坊区块链智能合约的入侵检测系统

以太坊智能合约本质上是一种在网络上由相互间没有信任关系的节点共同执行的已被双方认证程序。目前,大量的智能合约被用于管理数字资产,使智能合约成为黑客的重要攻击对象。常见的攻击方法是通过利用智能合约的漏洞来实现特定操作的入侵攻击。ContractGuard 是首次提出面向以太坊区块链智能合约的入侵检测系统,它能检测智能合约的潜在攻击行为。ContractGuard 的入侵检测主要依赖检测潜在攻击可能引发的异常控制流来实现。由于智能合约运行在去中心化的环境以及在高度受限的环境中运行,现有的IDS技术或者工具等以外部拦截形式的部署架构不适合于以太坊智能合约。为了解决这些问题,通过设计一个嵌入式的架构,实现了把 ContractGuard 直接嵌入智能合约的执行代码中,作为智能合约的一部分。在运行时刻,ContractGuard通过相应的context-tagged无环路径来实现入侵检测,从而保护智能合约。由于嵌入了额外的代码,ContractGuard一定程度上会增加智能合约的部署开销与运行开销,为了降低这两方面的开销,基于以太坊智能合约的特性对 ContractGuard 进行优化。实验结果显示,可有效地检测 83%的异常行为,其部署开销仅增加了36.14%,运行开销仅增加了28.17%。     

指数复合型低频压电雾化喷头的设计

设计一种频率为40 kHz的指数复合型低频压电雾化喷头,建立有限元模型,通过喷头模型的模态分析和谐响应分析来测定喷头模型的振动形态、谐振频率和雾化振幅。模态在八阶时喷头为纯拉伸状态,谐振频率为39 550 Hz,在设定电压为26 V时,仿真得到雾化振幅为3.9μm。采用德国Polytec高性能单点式激光测振仪测得喷头样机的振动幅值为3.94～4.32μm,误差小于10%,符合设计的要求。采用马尔文Spraytec型激光粒度仪对样机雾滴均匀性进行测量,当驱动电压为26 V时,喷头雾化产生的雾滴直径为SymbolFC@(30～95)μm,占比超过85%,结果表明,该喷头雾化液滴分布较均匀。     

基于双语URL匹配模式可信度的平行网页识别研究

平行语料是自然语言处理中一项重要的基础资源,在双语平行网页中大量存在。该文首先介绍双语URL匹配模式的可信度计算方法,然后提出基于局部可信度的双语平行网页识别算法,再依据匹配模式的全局可信度,提出两种优化方法: 即利用全局可信度,救回因低于局部可信度阈值而被初始算法滤掉的匹配模式;通过全局可信度和网页检测方法,挖出深层网页。进一步,结合网站双语可信度、链接关系,侦测出种子网站周边更多较具可信度的双语网站。除了双语URL匹配模式自动识别,还利用搜索引擎,依据少数高可信度的匹配模式快速识别双语网页。为了提高以上五种方法识别候选双语网页对的准确率,计算了候选双语网页对的双语相似度,并设置阈值过滤非双语网页对。通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

空间目标多种光谱观测方法的应用研究

光谱观测技术作为空间目标特征信息获取的一种方式,为空间目标表面材料的识别与性能分析提供了重要的解决方法.目前,光学信息采集元件的精密化程度高,因此空间目标观测技术也呈现多样性.基于长春人造卫星观测站1.2m空间目标光学望远镜,联合推扫式光栅光谱仪、光纤光谱仪、滤波器光谱相机三种终端设备,分别对恒星与空间目标开展观测并获取光谱数据;进一步,通过数据对观测技术进行适应性分析.结果 表明:三种方法均适用于恒星和高轨道空间目标的观测,可得到较好的光谱数据;滤波器光谱相机、光纤光谱仪适用于观测低轨道空间目标;而推扫式光栅光谱仪、滤波器光谱相机适用于观测中轨道空间目标.此外,滤波器光谱相机还可为精跟型空间目标光谱数据的获取提供观测参考.对于不同应用环境,对终端成本、光路调试复杂程度、获取光强度、可调整观测波段、数据处理复杂程度的对比分析可作为后续方案的参考.