Utility function of TCP

Understanding the TCP congestion control mechanism from a global optimization point of view is not only important in its own right, but also crucial to the design of other transport layer traffic control protocols with provable properties. In this paper, we derive a global utility function and the corresponding optimal control law, known as TCP control law, which maximizes the global utility. The TCP control law captures the essential behaviors of TCP, including slow start, congestion avoidance, and the binary nature of congestion feedback in TCP. We find that the utility function of TCP is linear in the slow start phase and is proportional to the additive increase rate and approaches the well-known logarithm function as the data rate becomes large in the congestion avoidance phase. We also find that understanding the slow start phase with a fixed threshold is critical to the design of new transport layer control protocols to enable quality of service features. Finally, as an application, we design a Minimum Rate Guaranteed (MRG) traffic control law that shares the same utility function as the TCP control law. Our simulation study of the MRG control law indicates that it is indeed TCP friendly and can provide minimum rate guarantee as long as the percentage of network resource consumed by the MRG flows is moderately small.     

A system-level model for a silicon thermal flow sensor

A system-level model with lumped parameters for a thermal flow sensor is presented. The model is built with 13 circuit cells consisting of thermal resistors and thermal capacitors in SPICE. The circuit cell originates from the heat conduction equation using the Finite Differential Method, including the 2-D thermal conduction cell, the convection cell, and the thermal capacity in the chip. Based on the thermal model of the flow sensor, the 2-D temperature distribution of the chip can be calculated with SPICE in both the constant power mode (CP) and constant temperature difference mode (CTD). As an example, the system level model of the thermal anemometer in the CTD mode was established in PSPICE. Wind tunnel test was carried out to verify the system model, and show a reasonable agreement with the simulation results, with an error less than 8%.     

Guanxi Networks and Creativity in Taiwanese Project Teams

Personal connections, also called guanxi in Chinese culture, are embedded within a network of interdependent social exchanges, providing access to resources, information and supports, therefore facilitating performance. Building guanxi networks means building social networks. Project teams are commonly used as fundamental units in organizations, partly in order to generate more creative ideas, and so this paper evaluates how project teams use their guanxi networks within and outside of their teams and across boundaries to stimulate their creative performance. Fifty‐four product development project teams with 293 members from high‐tech Taiwanese firms participated in this study. Findings suggested that, in a guanxi culture such as Taiwan's, in order to facilitate a project team's creative performance, the most important task is to develop a more cohesive social unit before the team extends its external networks, since Chinese culture regards people first as members of groups, and secondly as individuals.     

基于PicoBlaze的多软核网络处理结构研究

介绍一种基于多个8位CPU软核PicoBlaze的网络处理结构.该结构利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的并行性和网络协议分层结构的特点,可以实现一些相对复杂的网络处理功能,并且易于扩展和开发.通过在FPGA上完整实现一个远程启动服务器端的设计实例,阐明具体的设计方法.     

数学分离-多波长直线回归法测定鼻炎滴剂中的黄芩苷和盐酸麻黄碱

鼻炎滴剂是中西复方制剂,主要成分有黄芩苷、盐酸麻黄碱、金银花、辛夷油、冰片等.本文研究建立了数学分离-多波长直线回归法,用于测定鼻炎滴剂中黄芩苷和盐酸麻黄碱的含量.黄芩苷和盐酸麻黄碱的最大吸收波长分别为278.0 nm和257.0 nm,将2组分吸收强度较大的242.0 nm～283.0 nm选为测定范围.在测定范围内选择42个点进行测定,使用数学分离-多波长直线回归方法计算分析,直接测定了鼻炎滴剂中的黄芩苷和盐酸麻黄碱含量.本文研究使用的市售鼻炎滴剂中2种药效成分的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为102.0％,0.86％和98.2％,0.87％.数学分离-多波长直线回归法简单、快速、准确、适用于鼻炎滴剂的质量控制过程.     

一种基于聚类的空间数据知识获取算法

本文提出了一个针对空间数据库基于聚类的知识获得取算法,该算法可解决空间的数据的聚类问题。     

P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer acoustic emission sensors

Acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been fabricated using polarized polyvinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) piezoelectric copolymer films. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the copolymers have been determined using the ultrasonic immersion technique and the resonance technique, respectively. The P(VDF-TrFE) AE sensors have been calibrated according to the ASTM standard and evaluated for potential application in the detection of AE in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP). A ceramic AE sensor also has been fabricated using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 7A piezoelectric ceramic and its sensitivity and performance are reported as well. The copolymer sensors do not show resonance peaks of the ceramic sensor and have adequate sensitivity. They can reproduce AE signals accurately without giving artifacts and have potential use in commercial AE systems.     

大型复杂仿真系统相似性模糊综合评判

利用模糊数学对仿真模型进行相似性检验,提出了定量与定性相结合、主观与客观相结合的仿真模型与实现模型相似性模糊综合评判法,并给出了各种实用算法和适用场合,对处理“黑盒”和“灰盒”的仿真模型检验具有参考价值。     

A Compact Fourth-Order Finite Difference Scheme for Unsteady Viscous Incompressible Flows

In this paper, we extend a previous work on a compact scheme for the steady Navier–Stokes equations [Li, Tang, and Fornberg (1995), Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 20, 1137–1151] to the unsteady case. By exploiting the coupling relation between the streamfunction and vorticity equations, the Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in space within a 3×3 stencil such that a fourth order accuracy is achieved. The time derivatives are discretized in such a way as to maintain the compactness of the stencil. We explore several known time-stepping approaches including second-order BDF method, fourth-order BDF method and the Crank–Nicolson method. Numerical solutions are obtained for the driven cavity problem and are compared with solutions available in the literature. For large values of the Reynolds number, it is found that high-order time discretizations outperform the low-order ones.