Development and application of see-through a-Si solar cells

A new type of translucent amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell, called the see-through a-Si solar cell, is developed. It has multiple microscopic holes within its effective area to transmit light and it generates electric power. A series of technical data on the fabrication processing with various patterning and photovoltaic performance are presented. Some examples of application systems such as car sunroof and home interior are introduced and discussed on a wide variety of new areas of PV applications. The see-through a-Si solar cell was mounted on a car sunroof to drive the car's ventilating system or to charge its battery. The ventilating system reduced the interior temperature of the car from 61 to 47°C during daytime parking.     

Dissolution Profiles of Ceftizoxime Suppository

The in vitro dissolution rates of ceftizoxime suppository were compared using a rotating dialysis cell method, a dialysis membrane method and the JP XI rotating basket method. Only small variations in the dissolution rates were found with the rotating dialysis cell method and the rotating basket method, while the dialysis membrane method indicated rather large variation than other methods. In the rotating basket method, it was observed that a part of suppository bases came out through the wire mesh of the basket and spread over the surface of the dissolution medium. In the case of dialysis membrane method, it seemed that the large variations in dissolution rate was depending on a skill of the apparatus used.

As to obtain a good results, a selection of the rotating dialysis cell method was important. In vitro dissolutions of Ceftizoxime(CZX) suppository by using the rotating dialysis cell method were very rapid and also consistent with the absorption characteristics reported previously by Motohiro after rectal dose in pediatric subjects.     

Establishment of spontaneously immortalized rat type 1 astroglial cell lines: the role of p53 in astroglial carcinogenesis

This paper discusses several data analytic technique, for examining treatment efficacy in pretest-posttest control group designs. The following approaches are described: ANOVA on post scores, ANOVA on difference scores, split-plot repeated measures ANOVA, profile analysis, and ANOCOVA with prescore as the co-variate. Guidelines for choosing between available techniques are provided; the primary focus here is on the nature of the null hypothesis, the assumptions underlying the approach, and the power of the procedure. The importance of examining the characteristics of the data set in selecting an analytic technique is illustrated.     

Automated analysis of all-night records of tracheal sound to detect sleep disordered breathing

In sleep-disordered breathing, tracheal sounds disappear during apnea and vary cyclicly during hypopnea. We tried to detect these changes in tracheal sounds automatically with a personal computer, and we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this system for detecting sleep-disordered breathing. Polysomnography and tracheal sound recording were done in 33 subjects with possible sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Eighteen had positive results defined as an apnea/hypopnea index greater than 15. Tracheal sounds were digitized and a personal computer was used to calculate short time power spectra (44-600 Hz) every 0.2 seconds by the fast Fourier transform. The moving averages (18 seconds) of the logarithms of the power spectra were calculated every 2 seconds. Transient falls in the moving averages of more than 12 dB were detected. Those that were lower than 5 dB above the level of background noise were classified as tracheal sound apneas. The number of falls of more than 12 dB and the number of tracheal sound apneas correlated strongly with the number of apneas plus hypopneas (r = 0.95) and with the number of apneas (r = 0.97), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of tracheal sound analysis for the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (as defined above) were 89% and 60%, respectively, when the criteria was more than 15 falls of more than 12 dB per hour. We conclude that tracheal sound analysis by this method is useful as a screening test for the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.     

Hemispherical grained Si formation on in-situ phosphorus dopedamorphous-Si electrode for 256 Mb DRAM's capacitor

The cylindrical capacitor structure with hemispherical grained-Si (HSG-Si) described here reliably achieves a cell capacitance of 30 fF in a 0.4 μm-high storage electrode with a cell area of a 0.72 μm² for 256 Mbit dynamic random access memory. An HSG-Si formation technology using Si₂H₆-molecule irradiation and annealing enables control of the grain density and grain size of HSG-Si fabricated selectively on the whole surface of phosphorus-doped amorphous Si cylindrical electrodes     

Quantitative analysis of the action of Taka-amylase A on maltotriose

The action of Taka-amylase A from Asp. oryzae was studied quantitatively by the product analysis method using unlabeled maltotriose and maltotriose labeled at the reducing end as substrates. It was found that the ratio of the unlabeled products, maltose (G2) and glucose (G1) exceeded unity, and that the ratio of the labeled products, G2/G1 was strongly dependent on the initial substrate concentrations. The results can only be explained by a transglycosylation or condensation mechanism or both. Analysis of maltose labeled at the nonreducing or reducing end reveal that the ratio of the transglycosylation to the condensation mechanism was about 20:1 with about 80 mM maltotriose. A computer simulation was made on a reaction scheme involving the termolecular-shifted complex, transglycosylation and condensation besides hydrolysis, by using reported subsite affinities as modified by the authors. The simulation reproduced the experimental results satisfactorily.     

Inverted repeat of a large segment unveiled on the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II

By means of gene disruption analyses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YPH499 was shown to have two, and only two, copies of ATP3 that encodes the gamma-subunit of H+-dependent ATP synthase and locates on the right arm of chromosome II. Linkage analyses of the two distinguishably marked copies of ATP3 indicated that the distance between them was about 43 cM. Since YBR030W, an ORF proximal to ATP3 by a distance of 17 kbp, was also found to be duplicated, we marked them with two distinguishable nutritional markers, which were also distinguishable from those used for marking the two copies of ATP3, and achieved four-point linkage analyses; CEN2 marked with an appropriate nutritional marker gene was included as a reference point. And, the following linkage map was deduced: CEN2- [11 cM]-YBR030Wa- [8 cM]-ATP3a-[47 cM]-ATP3b- [55 cM]-YBR030Wb. From this map, we suspected that a segment spanning at least YBR030W-ATP3 would be inversely duplicated on the right arm of chromosome II. We then carried out chromosome fragmentation analyses, using several laboratory strains including YPH499, and obtained data in accord with our speculation for all strains, although the distance between the two copies of ATP3 varied from 48 kbp to 192 kbp among the strains examined.