Establishing a limit of recognition for a vapor sensor array

Organic vapor analysis with microsensor arrays relies principally on two output parameters: the response pattern, which provides qualitative information, and the response sensitivity, which determines the limit of detection (LOD). The latter is used to define the operating limit in the low-concentration range, under the implicit assumption that, if a vapor can be detected, it can be identified and differentiated from other vapors on the basis of its response pattern. In this study, the performance of an array of four polymer-coated surface acoustic wave vapor sensors was explored using calibrated response data from 16 solvent vapors in Monte Carlo simulations coupled with pattern recognition analysis. The statistical modeling revealed that the ability to recognize a vapor from its response pattern decreases with decreasing vapor concentration, as expected, but also that the concentration at which errors in vapor recognition become excessive is well above the calculated LOD in most cases, despite the LOD being based on the least sensitive sensor in the array. These results suggest the adoption of a limit of recognition (LOR), defined as the concentration below which a vapor can no longer be reliably recognized from its response pattern, as an additional criterion for evaluating the performance of multisensor arrays. A generalized method for estimating the LOR is presented, as well as a means for improving the LOR via residual error analysis.     

异氰酸酯增强二氧化硅气凝胶的力学性能

采用有机无机复合的方式,制得异氰酸酯增强的SiO2气凝胶。将硅酸甲酯(TMOS)、甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)配成混合硅源,经水解缩聚后形成凝胶,老化后浸泡在含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯单体(HDI)的乙腈溶液中,最后经CO₂超临界干燥,获得了具有良好机械性能的SiO₂气凝胶。制备过程中引入的MTMS增加了凝胶与有机物间的浸润性,与使用有机物低聚体相比,使用单体可使有机物更易进入凝胶网络,反应更充分,形成纳米尺度更均匀的复合气凝胶。复合后的气凝胶密度为330 mg/cm³、比表面积为446.3 m²/g、热导率为0.068 W•m^-1•K^-1,该气凝胶良好的力学性能(压缩强度为19.96 MPa、压缩模量为82.37 MPa)使气凝胶的机械加工成为可能。     

细粒砂金选收研究

为选收细长、密实、不规则的细粒砂金，保证其在分选中的有效重力大干介质阻力，应制定以跳汰为基础的船选工艺和先分级、后分选的岸上选厂工艺，优选适宜矿砂各自特性的选矿设备和操作参数．恰当地应用旋流器、人造草皮和毛毯等．也可有效地捕收细粒砂金．     

高强度φ9.00mm螺旋肋预应力钢丝的研制

阐述了高强度Φ9.00mm螺旋肋预应力钢丝的生产工艺、力学性能和科学的几何外形。生产该钢丝所用原料是77B-1或S82BΦ13.00高线盘条。该钢丝用于建筑构件,可替代热轧带肋钢筋和冷轧带肋钢筋,简化构件生产工艺,节约钢材,降低构件成本,改善建筑结构,增大建筑物有效空间。     

A generalized finite element formulation for arbitrary basis functions: From isogeometric analysis to XFEM

Many of the formulations of current research interest, including iosogeometric methods and the extended finite element method, use nontraditional basis functions. Some, such as subdivision surfaces, may not have convenient analytical representations. The concept of an element, if appropriate at all, no longer coincides with the traditional definition. Developing a new software for each new class of basis functions is a large research burden, especially, if the problems involve large deformations, non‐linear materials, and contact. The objective of this paper is to present a method that separates as much as possible the generation and evaluation of the basis functions from the analysis, resulting in a formulation that can be implemented within the traditional structure of a finite element program but that permits the use of arbitrary sets of basis functions that are defined only through the input file. Elements ranging from a traditional linear four‐node tetrahedron through a higher‐order element combining XFEM and isogeometric analysis may be specified entirely through an input file without any additional programming. Examples of this framework to applications with Lagrange elements, isogeometric elements, and XFEM basis functions for fracture are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自由空间光子交换无阻塞榕树网络与可重排Benes网络的拓扑等价

光子交换技术是解决高速的光纤传输系统和低速的电子交换系统之间速度失配的根本措施。文中提出了无阻塞自由空间光子交换榕树网络的拓扑结构与实现方案，并采用互连网络拓扑等价的图分析法研究了无阻塞榕树网络与可重排Ｂｅｎｅｓ网络的拓朴等价及其多样性。为拓展无阻塞榕树网络在光子交换系统及多处理计算机系统的潜在应用提供了理论依据。     

制造企业的产品创新与知识管理

分析了制造企业所面临的变革与挑战，探讨了“知识”在产品创新过程中作为一种独特而又无限的资源必须进行有效的管理和充分利用的观点，认为知识已经成为产品创新和帮助客户创造价值的源泉，传统制造企业能否向知识型制造企业过渡，在很大程度上取决于在其业务过程中是否能有效地获取和应用知识。在构建了知识型制造企业总体构架的基础上，根据知识管理的目标、构架特征和系统结构，研究了知识型企业的知识共享空间基础的建立。通过案例分析了建立知识管理系统的主要过程及其应用。     

用光相关光谱研究乳液粒度的浓度依赖性

利用光相关光谱测定了不同浓度的聚丙烯酸酯核／壳乳液和聚苯乙烯标样乳液在室温下的粒度，确定了两体系可测粒度的浓度范围，随粒度多分散性增加，可测粒度的浓度范围减小，且浓度范围与试样粒度有关。测定结果进一步表明，随测定试样的浓度增加，粒度下降，根据Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ－Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ公式，求出了粒子移动扩散系数，以及浓度为零时的粒子移动扩散系数。