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991.
Laiyuan Chen Liwu Lin Zhusheng Xu Tao Zhang Dongbai Liang Qin Xin Pinliang Ying 《Catalysis Letters》1995,35(3-4):245-258
Infrared investigations on the interaction of methane with silica, aluminas (, and ) and HZSM-5 zeolite have been carried out. At low temperature (173 K), methane adsorption was observed over these oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. Our findings featured that the infrared inactive
1 band (2917 cm–1) of a gaseous methane molecule became active and shifted to lower frequencies (2900 and 2890 cm–1) when it adsorbed on the surfaces of these adsorbents. Our results also demonstrate that hydroxyl groups played a very important role in methane adsorption over the acidic oxides and the HZSM-5 zeolite. When interaction between the hydroxyl groups and methane took place, the band shift of the hydroxyl groups varied with different oxides. The strength of the interaction decreased according to the following sequence, Si-OH-Al>Al-OH>Si-OH, which is in accordance with the order of their acidities. At higher temperatures, methane interacted quite differently with various oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. It has been observed that the hydroxyl groups of silica, -alumina and HZSM-5 zeolite could exchange with CD4 at temperatures higher than 773K, while those on -alumina could exchange at a temperature as low as 573 K. Another interesting observation was the formation of formate species over Al2O3 (both and ) at temperatures higher than 473 K. The formate species would decompose to CO2, or produce carbonate at much higher temperatures. Formation of formate species was not observed over silica and HZSM-5 under similar conditions, -Al2O3 did not adsorb or react with methane in any case. 相似文献
992.
Diethylether (DEE) was used as a structure modifier during the synthesis of linear styrene-butadiene block copolymers of poly A-block-polyB-block-polyA type (SBS). The microstructures of synthesized polymers were analyzed, and the effect of DEE on polymerization kinetics was studied. Addition of DEE at 2 wt% concentration results in the highest styrene polymerization rate, while addition at 6 wt% concentration gives the highest butadiene polymerization rate. The vinyl content of the polybutadiene portion increases from 14 to 47% with an increase in the DEE concentration from 500 ppm to 10 wt% while thetrans- l,4 andcis-1,4 isomers decrease. For SBS polymer synthesized via a sequential method, the addition of DEE as a structure modifier minimizes the crossover deficiency which would otherwise result in a skewed molecular weight distribution with a higher polydispersity. For SBS polymers made via a coupling method, the coupling efficiency appears to be constant in a range of DEE concentration from 500 ppm to 1 wt% before declining with a further increase in DEE. 相似文献
993.
基于改进TFIDF算法的文本分类研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于文本分类在信息检索、邮件过滤、网页分类、个性化推荐等领域有着广泛的应用价值,所以自文本分类的概念提出以来,受到了学者们的广泛关注。在文本分类的研究中,学者们运用了很多方法,其中TFIDF是文档特征权重计算的最常用算法之一,但是传统的TFID算法忽略了特征项在类内和类间的分布,导致很多区分度不大的特征项被赋予了较大的权重。针对传统TFIDF算法的不足,本文在IDF的计算过程中,用词条在类内与类间的文档占比来考虑词条在类内与类间的分布。在实验中,用改进的权重算法表示文本向量,通过考察分类的效果,验证了改进算法的有效性。 相似文献
994.
The diversities existing among published kinetic studies on activated anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam are closely examined. A kinetic model derived from a regular, linear reversible reaction mechanism is employed to explain the experimentally observed autocatalytic character of the polymerization system and to examine the dependence of the apparent activation energy on the experimental method. Several existing kinetic models tested with our experimental data show that the autocatalytic type rate equation best describes the polymerization process. 相似文献
995.
Two-component blends of differing polystyrene (PS), one syndiotactic (sPS) and the other isotactic (iPS) or atactic (aPS), were discussed. The phase behavior, crystallization and microstructure of binary polystyrene blends of sPS/iPS and sPS/aPS with a specific composition of 5/5 weight ratio were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Based on the kinetics of enthalpy recovery, complete miscibility was found for the sPS/aPS blends where a single recovery peak was obtained, whereas phase separation was concluded for the sPS/iPS blends due to the presence of an additional recovery shoulder indicating the heterogeneity in the molten state. These findings were consistent with OM and SEM observations; sPS/iPS exhibits the dual interconnectivity of phase-separated phases resulting from spinodal decomposition.Both iPS and aPS have the same influence on the sPS crystal structure, i.e., dominant β-form sPS and mixed α-/β-form sPS obtained for melt-crystallization at high and low temperatures respectively, but imperfect α-form sPS developed when cold-crystallized at 175 °C. Co-crystallization of iPS and sPS into the common lattice was not observed regardless the thermal treatments, either cold or melt crystallization. Due to its slow process, crystallization of iPS was found to commence always after the completion of sPS crystallization in one-step crystallization kinetics. Segregation of rejected iPS component during sPS crystallization was extensively observed from TEM and SEM images which showed iPS pockets located between sPS lamellar stacks within spherulites, leading to the interfibrillar segregation, which was similar with that observed in the sPS/aPS blends. The addition of iPS (or aPS) component will reduce the overall crystallization rate of the sPS component and the retardation of crystal growth rates can be simply accounted by a dilution effect, keeping the surface nucleation intact. The phase-separated structure in the sPS/iPS blend shows a negligible effect on sPS crystallization and the signature of phase separation disappears after sPS crystallization. Depending on the relative dimensions of the segregated domains and iPS lamellar nucleus, subsequent crystallization of iPS can proceed to result in a crystalline/crystalline blend, or be inhibited to give a crystalline/amorphous blend morphology similar with that of sPS/aPS blends. 相似文献
996.
The adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution using diatomite 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Raw diatomite was calcined at 450 °C for dyes removal from aqueous solution. SEM and FTIR analysis show that the raw diatomite
contains organic impurities, which are removed after the calcination. The impurities removal decreases the specific surface
area and increases the average pore diameter of raw diatomite, while improves its adsorption capability of dyes. The adsorption
isotherm and kinetics experiments of methylene blue onto calcined diatomite were then carried out to investigate the adsorption
property. It shows that the adsorption capacity of methylene blue is about 50 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm was fitted by
the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models, which reveals that the Redlich-Peterson isotherm is the best one. Two
kinetic models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were rearranged for expediently investigating the adsortpion mechanisms.
Fitting results show that the pseudo-first-order model is better in describing the adsorption process. 相似文献
997.
一种用于气液间传质的新型轴流式叶轮黄庆民林齐浩李启恩(华南理工大学化学工程研究所,广州510641)关键词气液传质轴流式叶轮1前言在液体搅拌器中,轴流式叶轮由于功耗较小且泵吸量较大而被广泛采用。在气液两相搅拌器中,由于轴流式叶轮有气泛问题,一般均采... 相似文献
998.
Four cocatalysts, referred to as ethylaluminoxanes, were synthesized by the reaction between triethylaluminium (AIEt3) and water under various molar ratios of H2O/Al at ?78°C. Aluminoxanes were used as cocatalysts for a MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization at temperatures ranging from 70 to 100°C. When the polymerization was activated by AlEt3, the activity as well as the molecular weight and isotacticity of the resulting polymer gradually dropped as the temperature varied from 70 to 100°C. When ethylaluminoxane was employed as the cocatalyst, good activity and high molecular weight and isotacticity were obtained at 100°C. Furthermore, when the cocatalyst varied from AlEt3 to ethylaluminoxane, the atactic fraction and polymer fraction with moderate isotacticity decreased and the high isotactic fraction slightly increased, which indicated that the variation of the cocatalyst significantly affects the isospecificity of active sites. It was suggested that the reactivity of the Al‐Et group and the size of the cocatalyst were correlated to the performance of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst at different temperatures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1978–1982, 2006 相似文献
999.
Guiqiang Wang Ruifeng Lin Yuan Lin Xueping Li Xiaowen Zhou Xurui Xiao 《Electrochimica acta》2005,50(28):5546-5552
A novel Pt counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) was prepared by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6 on NiP-plated glass substrate. The charge-transfer kinetic properties of the platinized NiP-plated glass electrode (Pt/NiP electrode) for triiodide reduction were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Pt/NiP electrode has the advantage over the platinized FTO conducting glass electrode (Pt/FTO electrode) in increasing the light reflectance and reducing the sheet resistance leading to improve the light harvest efficiency and the fill factor of the dye-sensitized solar cells effectively. The photon-to-current efficiency and the overall conversion efficiency of DSC using Pt/NiP counter electrode is increased by 20% and 33%, respectively, compared to that of using Pt/FTO counter electrode. Examination of the anodic dissolution and the long-term test on the variation of charge-transfer resistance indicates the good stability of the Pt/NiP electrode in the electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide. 相似文献
1000.