Formation of self-organized Zircaloy-4 oxide nanotubes in organic viscous electrolyte via anodization

This work reports the formation of self-organized Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) oxide nanotubes in viscous organic ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte containing a small amount of fluoride salt and deionized (DI) water via an electrochemical anodization. The structure, morphology, and composition of the Zr-4 oxide nanotubes were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), EDX, and XPS. SEM results showed that the length of the nanotubes is approximately 13 μm, and TEM results showed that the inner diameter of the Zr-4 oxide nanotubes is approximately 20 nm with average wall thickness of approximately 7 nm. XRD and selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) results confirmed that the as-anodized Zr-4 oxide nanotubes have cubic crystalline structure. Both cubic and monoclinic phases were found after annealing of Zr-4 oxide nanotubes. The tubular structure morphology of Zr-4 oxide nanotubes did not remain intact after annealing which is attributed to the elimination of F species from the annealed nanotubes.     

Preparation of Lung-Targeting,Emodin-Loaded Polylactic Acid Microspheres and Their Properties

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) has been identified to have the potential to improve lung fibrosis and lung cancer. To avoid the liver and kidney toxicities and the fast metabolism of emodin, emodin-loaded polylactic acid microspheres (ED-PLA-MS) were prepared and their characteristics were studied. ED-PLA-MS were prepared by the organic phase dispersion-solvent diffusion method. By applying an orthogonal design, our results indicated that the optimal formulation was 12 mg/mL PLA, 0.5% gelatin, and an organic phase:glycerol ratio of 1:20. Using the optimal experimental conditions, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies were (19.0 ± 1.8)% and (62.2 ± 2.6)%, respectively. The average particle size was 9.7 ± 0.7 μm. In vitro studies indicated that the ED-PLA-MS demonstrated a well-sustained release efficacy. The microspheres delivered emodin, primarily to the lungs of mice, upon intravenous injection. It was also detected by microscopy that partial lung inflammation was observed in lung tissues and no pathological changes were found in other tissues of the ED-PLA-MS-treated animals. These results suggested that ED-PLA-MS are of potential value in treating lung diseases in animals.     

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Berberine in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Berberine Hydrochloride in Normal and Post Inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

In the present study, post inflammation irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) rats were firstly established by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid with restraint stress. Then the pharmacokinetics of berberine in the rat plasma were compared after oral administration of berberine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) to normal rats and PI-IBS rats. Quantification of berberine in the rat plasma was achieved by using a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma samples were collected at 15 different points in time and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software. Compared with the normal group, area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from zero to last sampling time (AUC_0–t) and total body clearance (CL/F) in the model group significantly increased or decreased, (2039.49 ± 492.24 vs. 2763.43 ± 203.14; 4999.34 ± 1198.79 vs. 3270.57 ± 58.32) respectively. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic process of berberine could be altered in PI-IBS pathological conditions.     

Photovoltaic Study of Photoelectrochemical Biofuel Cells Sensitized by Porphyrin Derivatives with Different Substituents

Two porphyrin derivatives with different substituents were investigated as dyes for the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) film electrode to construct new two-compartment photoelectrochemical biofuel cells (PEBFCs). The two porphyrin derivatives were tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and meso-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphine (THPP). To determine how cell performance was affected by the dye with different substituents, we analyzed the photochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of the two dyes by physical characterization and photoelectrochemical experiments. The UV–Vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that the interactions between the dye and TiO₂ decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP, which was also in accord with the results of Fourier transform infrared. In addition, TCPP and THPP were calculated using the density functional theory and the time-dependent density functional theory, and the calculation result exhibited that the radiative lifetime decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP. Compared with THPP, TCPP with longer excited-state was expected to enhance the performance of a PEBFC. We measured and compared the incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiency and the light-to-electrical conversion efficiency (η) of the porphyrin-sensitized photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. The photovoltaic characteristics showed the TCPP was more effective compared to the THPP, which obviously showed that the experimental results were consistent with theoretical expectation. These results revealed that the kind of the substituent for the porphyrin influenced the photovoltaic properties of the PEBFC.     

Exposure to Diflubenzuron Results in an Up-Regulation of a Chitin Synthase 1 Gene in Citrus Red Mite,Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Chitin synthase synthesizes chitin, which is critical for the arthropod exoskeleton. In this study, we cloned the cDNA sequences of a chitin synthase 1 gene, PcCHS1, in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), which is one of the most economically important pests of citrus worldwide. The full-length cDNA of PcCHS1 contains an open reading frame of 4605 bp of nucleotides, which encodes a protein of 1535 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 175.0 kDa. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcCHS1 was most closely related to CHS1 from Tetranychus urticae. During P. citri development, PcCHS1 was constantly expressed in all stages but highly expressed in the egg stage (114.8-fold higher than in the adult). When larvae were exposed to diflubenzuron (DFB) for 6 h, the mite had a significantly high mortality rate, and the mRNA expression levels of PcCHS1 were significantly enhanced. These results indicate a promising use of DFB to control P. citri, by possibly acting as an inhibitor in chitin synthesis as indicated by the up-regulation of PcCHS1 after exposure to DFB.     

用于合成叔胺的脂肪族环氧化物的合成

随着我国裂解制乙烯的工业不断壮大,副产物C4烯烃的产量大幅提高,如何有效利用大量生产的C4烯烃是我国亟待解决的问题。实验组以省部级项目"C4烯烃叠合生产高碳烯烃关键技术开发"为背景,研究C4烯烃下游产品的开发利用。本课题以烯烃环氧化胺化路线合成叔胺,主要研究高碳烯烃在胺化过程中环氧化物的合成,将C4烯烃最终转化到精细化工领域,在有效的解决我国大量C4烯烃的同时,提高了精细化工产品的利用率。烯烃的环氧化物在有机化学中应用广泛,它即可以做一些有机合成反应的中间体,也可以作为有机原料,在有机合成,如药物、精细产品、高分子化合物的合成方面应用非常广泛。因此,烯烃环氧化胺化路线不仅可以实现烯烃到脂肪胺的转化,还可以拓宽高碳烯烃的有效利用途径。     

Powder Size Influence on Tensile Properties and Porosity for PM Ti_2AlNb Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by electrode induction gas atomization method, and the powder was screened into fi ve kinds of powder size distribution. Fully dense Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy(PM) using hot isostatic pressing. The properties of pre-alloyed powder and PM Ti_2AlNb alloy were tested. Results show that mean grain size of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy is infl uenced by powder particle size, but particle size has no signifi cant infl uence on tensile properties. Finer Ti_2AlNb powder has low Argon gas bubble ratio and high oxygen content, and poor fl owability of fi ner powder increases the degree of diffculty during degassing. As a result, big pores( 50 μm) are observed in PM Ti_2AlNb alloy prepared by fi ner powder and cause plasticity loss of tensile properties. In order to get a better comprehensive properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy, powder with an average size(～ 100 μm) is suggested.     

浅谈动态管理和控制在房屋工程造价中的应用

为了适应建筑领域市场发展的要求,工程成本控制强调动态管理法的应用非常必要,其是促进企业项目投资与实现成本控制的重要造价控制方法。本文基于此,对相关内容展开了阐述与研究,以期对业界同仁提供一点帮助。     

河南内黄三杨庄汉代聚落自然环境研究

自然环境是人类聚居赖以生存的物质基础。本文对河南内黄三杨庄汉代聚落的气候资源、水文资源、土地资源等自然环境进行了分析研究。