Drying Kinetics,Texture, Color,and Determination of Effective Diffusivities During Sun Drying of Chempedak

Sun drying of chempedak (Artocarpus integer) was carried out on different sample sizes to investigate the effects on product quality. Fick's second law model was used to determine the effective diffusivities of sun–dried chempedak slabs based on the drying rate versus moisture content plots. In addition, texture degradation and total color changes were investigated. The texture and color changes of dried chempedak were relatively significant (p < 0.05) compared to fresh chempedak. There was an increase in dried fruit hardness and chewiness but a decrease in springiness and cohesiveness during drying.     

胶磷矿浮选药剂添加点的优化改造

分析了安宁矿业分公司胶磷矿单反浮选的一次粗选中将浮选药剂加入二级搅拌槽存在的问题,经将加药点前移至一级搅拌槽后,浮选效果改善,精矿指标稳定,系统结垢周期延长,同时减少了浮选药剂的添加量。     

橡胶减摆器的环境适应性研究

采用电液伺服试验机进行了橡胶减摆器高低温动态特性测试,研究了橡胶减摆器在不同温度环境下动态特性的变化规律,为其在高寒和热带地区的应用提供依据;同时对其湿热、霉菌和盐雾环境适应性进行了测试,为其在潮湿和海洋环境中的应用提供了依据。研究结果表明,当温度在-55~20℃之间时,橡胶减摆器的低温动态刚度与室温下的比值在1~1.7之间;当温度在20~70℃之间时,橡胶减摆器的高温动态刚度与室温下的比值在0.86~1之间;橡胶减摆器具有较好的高低温动态性能;湿热、霉菌和盐雾试验结果表明,橡胶减摆器的环境适应性优良。     

Synthesis and characterization of new fluorinated aromatic polyesters containing trifluoromethylphenoxy pendant groups

A series of novel fluorinated aromatic polyesters containing trifluoromethylphenoxy pendant groups was synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of 2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)terephthalyl chloride with various bisphenols in dichloromethane. The polyesters obtained in good yields had weight‐average molecular weights of 70,600–29,800 g/mol, polydispersities of 1.81–2.08, and were all amorphous. All polyesters were easily soluble in organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, o‐chlorophenol, pyridine, and dichloromethane. These fluorinated polyesters showed glass transition temperature of 133–210°C, and good thermal stability with almost no weight loss up to 378°C, the 10% weight loss temperature of 472–523°C as well as char yield of 32–63% at 600°C in nitrogen. These polyester films cast from chloroform solutions exhibited tensile strengths ranging from 102 to 126 MPa, elongation at break from 6.3% to 11.7%, and tensile moduli from 2.1 to 3.3 GPa. The resulting polyester films also displayed low dielectric constants between 2.18 and 2.49 (1 MHz), high transparency with an ultraviolet‐visible absorption cut‐off wavelengths in the 332–355 nm range, and excellent electric strengths (50.4–65.6 kV/mm) and volume resistivity (2.51–6.03 × 10¹⁶ Ω cm). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

甲烷液相氧化酯化过程中非水醋酸混合溶液酸度测定

为从理论上分析非水醋酸混合溶液酸度对甲烷液相氧化酯化反应的影响,建立了 Hammett 指示剂-紫外可见光分光光谱法测定醋酸混合溶液酸度的方法,并考察了相同浓度下不同酸性助剂的醋酸混合溶液对甲烷液相氧化酯化反应影响.结果表明,室温下,以三氯甲烷、甲基紫分别为溶剂和指示剂,可以表征醋酸混合溶液的酸度.改变醋酸混合溶液的中酸性助剂的种类和比例,可以有效调控醋酸混合溶液的酸度,而且醋酸混合溶液的酸度与甲烷液相氧化酯化反应有一定关联.     

褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性分析

利用自制的低温热解装置研究褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性,考察大豆荚掺混比和催化剂Fe₂O₃对热解产物特性的影响。通过FT-IR、GC-MS、SEM-EDX和UV-vis分析共热解产物的性质,并将半焦用于亚甲基蓝吸附实验。研究结果表明：掺混比30%时,共热解焦油的产率达到最大值11.98%,比煤焦油产率增加44.86%,与计算值的正偏差最大（0.8%）,同时,大豆荚的添加有促进焦油生成的协同作用。大豆荚的添加有利于共热解焦油中含氧杂环的断裂,使共热解焦油中直链烷烃增多,芳香族化合物减少,使重质组分转化为轻质组分,从而提高焦油品质;同时,大豆荚的添加使共热解半焦的含氧基团增加,微观形貌变粗糙。而Fe₂O₃的加入使共热解焦油中酚、醇类物质增加;加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的褶皱更加明显。共热解半焦对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为33.62%,比煤半焦的吸附率提高8.84%,加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的吸附率为55.57%,比共热解半焦提高65.29%。     

含90°直角弯管结构受限空间油气泄压爆炸实验与大涡模拟研究

针对含90°直角弯管结构受限空间油气泄压爆炸特性进行了研究,采用高速摄影等技术对爆炸过程中的压力瞬变、火焰形态进行了采集,同时对实验进行了大涡模拟,精确模拟了火焰经过弯管时的超压特性、流场结构以及火焰形态,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：（1）弯管结构对于爆炸过程中火焰结构有影响,在受限空间内火焰形态发生“半球形-指尖形-毛刷状”三种形态转变。（2）在弯管处形成的毛刷状火焰是由弯管局部压力梯度形成的涡流导致的。（3）衍射波与反射波在弯管处的叠加对爆炸超压峰值具有强化作用。（4）爆炸过程中,爆炸超压峰值、火焰速度、火焰锋面面积表现出显著的耦合性,具有密切的内在联系,三者随时间变化趋势存在较强的一致性。     

氮化硼填充甲基乙烯基硅橡胶导热复合材料的性能

用0.3,6.0,20.0μm 3种粒径的氮化硼(BN)(质量比为1:1:3)混合填充甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ),研究了BN用量对MVQ导热系数、热失重、热膨胀系数、硫化特性的影响.结果表明,随着BN用量的增加,MVQ的导热系数和热分解温度升高,热失重量和热膨胀系数明显降低,但对MVQ的硫化反应影响不大;当BN填充量为150份时,MVQ的综合性能较佳.     

Shell-core-corona aggregates formed from poly(styrene)-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer induced by added homopolymer via interpolymer hydrogen-bonding

The solution behavior of poly(styrene)-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymer with added poly(4,4′-oxydiphenylenepyromellitamic acid) (POAA) homopolymer in DMF is studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that coaggregation takes place when mixing PS-b-P4VP block copolymer and POAA homopolymer in DMF due to the strong interpolymer hydrogen-bonding between POAA chains and P4VP blocks. The coaggregation is a diffusion-controlled process and the complexation-induced aggregates are very stable. NMR measurements demonstrate that the resultant aggregates are much more swollen compared with typical amphiphilic block copolymer core-shell micelles. DLS measurements with Eu³⁺ as a probe combined with TEM observation, are employed to study the structure of the aggregates. Results reveal that the formed aggregates are core-shell spheres with the P4VP/POAA complexes as core and the PS blocks as shell when the weight ratio of POAA to PS-b-P4VP is lower. However, a core-shell-corona structure forms with a thin layer of POAA chains adsorbed on the initial core-shell aggregates with increasing weight content of POAA to 60%. Finally, possible mechanisms of the structural transitions are proposed.     

In2Se3薄膜生长及结晶择优取向的影响因素研究

(In,Ga)2Se3薄膜的生长结晶性的好坏直接影响着在其基础上化合生长的Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)薄膜以及CIGS太阳电池器件的性能.实验就多源共蒸发制备In2Se3预制层工艺中3个主要条件,即衬底材质、Se源温度、衬底温度进行研究.分析讨论上述3种因素对In2Se3薄膜的结晶生长和择优取向生长的影响.发现:在Mo/苏打石灰玻璃(Mo/SLG)衬底上生长,Se源温度在270℃以上或衬底温度为380～400℃的较高温度时,制备的In2Se3预制层是单一晶相的In2Se3,其x射线衍射峰是以(110)和(300)峰为择优取向.反之,生长在苏打石灰玻璃(SLG)衬底上,Se源温度为230℃以下或衬底温度为较低温度300℃时,In2Se3预制层结晶质量较差,其X射线衍射峰则多以In2Se3(006)衍射峰为择优取向.