Razina Z. Seeni  Mengjia Zheng  Daniel Chin Shiuan Lio  Christian Wiraja  Mohammad Firdaus Bin Mohd Yusoff  William Teck Yeow Koh  Yuchun Liu  Bee Tin Goh  Chenjie Xu 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(47):2105686

Pain management during dental procedures is a cornerstone for successful daily practice. In current practice, the traditional needle and syringe injection is used to administer local anesthesia. However, the appearance of long needles and the pain associated with it often leads to dental anxiety deterring timely interventions. Microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to hypodermic needles and shown to be effective in transdermal drug delivery applications. In this article, the potential use of MNs for local anesthesia delivery in dentistry is explored. The development of a novel conductive MN array that can be used in combination with iontophoresis technique to achieve drug penetration through the oral mucosa and the underlying bone tissue is presented. The conductive MN array plays a dual-role, creating micro-conduits and lowering the resistance of the oral mucosa. The reduced tissue resistance further enhances the application of a low-voltage current that is able to direct and accelerate the drug molecules to target the sensory nerves supplying teeth. The successful delivery of lidocaine using this new strategy in a clinically relevant rabbit incisor model is shown to be as effective as the current gold standard.  相似文献   

    

Locke Davenport Huyer  Serena Mandla  Yufeng Wang  Scott B. Campbell  Bess Yee  Christian Euler  Benjamin F. Lai  A. Dawn Bannerman  Dawn S. Y. Lin  Miles Montgomery  Kayla Nemr  Timothy Bender  Slava Epelman  Radhakrishnan Mahadevan  Milica Radisic 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(6):2003341

Itaconate (ITA) is an emerging powerhouse of innate immunity with therapeutic potential that is limited in its ability to be administered in a soluble form. A library of polyester materials that incorporate ITA into polymer backbones resulting in materials with inherent immunoregulatory behavior is developed. Harnessing hydrolytic degradation release from polyester backbones, ITA polymers result in the mechanism specific immunoregulatory properties on macrophage polarization in vitro. In a functional assay, the polymer-released ITA inhibits bacterial growth on acetate. Translation to an in vivo model of biomaterial associated inflammation, intraperitoneal injection of ITA polymers demonstrate a rapid resolution of inflammation in comparison to a control polymer silicone, demonstrating the value of sustained biomimetic presentation of ITA.  相似文献   

    

Irene Biancarosa  Ikram Belghit  Christian G Bruckner  Nina S Liland  Rune Waagbø  Heidi Amlund  Erik‐Jan Lock 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2018,98(5):2035-2042

BACKGROUND

In the past few years, much effort has been invested into developing a new blue economy based on harvesting, cultivating and processing marine macroalgae in Norway. Macroalgae have high potential for a wide range of applications, e.g. as source of pharmaceuticals, production of biofuels or as food and feed. However, data on the chemical composition of macroalgae from Norwegian waters are scant. This study was designed to characterize the chemical composition of 21 algal species. Both macro‐ and micronutrients were analysed. Concentrations of heavy metals and the metalloid arsenic in the algae were also quantified.

RESULTS

The results confirm that marine macroalgae contain nutrients which are relevant for both human and animal nutrition, the concentrations whereof are highly dependent on species. Although heavy metals and arsenic were detected in the algae studied, concentrations were mostly below maximum allowed levels set by food and feed legislation in the EU.

CONCLUSION

This study provides chemical data on a wide range of algal species covering the three taxonomic groups (brown, red and green algae) and discusses both benefits of and potential limitations to their use for food and feed purposes. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

    

Paul Meulenbroek  Silke Drexler  Daniela Huemer  Stephanie Gruber  Susanne Krumböck  Pablo Rauch  Christian Stauffer  Viktoria Waidbacher  Sabine Zirgoi  Matthias Zwettler  Herwig Waidbacher 《河流研究与利用》2018,34(7):854-862

As a result of river regulations over several centuries, followed by restoration measures in recent decades, most of the River Danube shoreline is man‐made, primarily riprap, but some reconstructed gravel banks and riparian side arms. We investigated the effects of these different structures on fish larval dispersal over a 20‐km stretch in Vienna via the use of drift nets. The habitats examined were created 18 years ago when the impoundment of the Danube hydropower station Vienna/Freudenau was constructed. About 15,000 fish larvae were trapped, and a subsample was determined to species level by DNA barcoding. In total, 26 different species were detected, including 10 species that are endangered or in danger of extinction. When species composition was considered, cyprinids become dominant at sites downstream of gravel bars, whereas in riprap sections, the majority of the larvae consist of invasive Gobiidae. Side arm habitats provide spawning and nursery grounds for additional species. Furthermore, clear species‐related seasonal patterns were observed with peak densities and multiple spawning periods of some species being recorded. The largest peak of Percidae occurred in the first half of May, followed by Cyprinidae at the end of May and Gobiidae in mid‐June.  相似文献   

    

Ayoung Suh  Christian Wagner  Lili Liu 《Journal of Computer Information Systems》2018,58(3):204-213

Gamification—the use of game elements in non-game contexts—is gaining interest among researchers and practitioners. How gamification enhances user engagement, though, remains unclear, largely due to the lack of a theoretical framework. To narrow the theory gap, this study develops a theoretical model, which draws on cognitive evaluation theory to explain the effects of game dynamics on user engagement, and tests it using data collected from 164 users of a gamified information system. The results reveal that gamification enhances user engagement through the mediation of psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) between game dynamics and enjoyment. The results suggest that gamification should go beyond merely providing fun and enjoyment; gamification should also generate diverse game dynamics, such as rewards, competition, altruism, and self-expression in a way that helps people to satisfy their psychological needs. The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the success of gamification.  相似文献   

    

Gian Luigi Angrisani  Piriya Taptimthong  Susanne Elisabeth Thürer  Christian Klose  Hans Jürgen Maier  Marc Christopher Wurz  Kai Möhwald 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(9)

In the information age, the storage and accessibility of data is of vital importance. There are several possibilities to fulfill this task. Magnetic storage of data is a well‐established method and the range of materials used is continuously extended. In this study, the magnetic remanence of thermally sprayed tungsten carbide–cobalt (WCCo)‐coatings in dependence of their thickness is examined. Two magnetic fields differing in value and geometry are imprinted into the coatings and the resulting remanence field is measured. It is found that there are two effects, which in combination determine the effective value of the magnetic remanence usable for magnetic data storage.

  相似文献   

    

Joachim Rösler  Christian Voelter 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(5)

The ability to produce metallic membrane materials with porosity on the nanoscale from Ni‐based superalloys, hitherto used exclusively for high temperature applications, has been discovered 15 years ago. The basic principle is to first convert the initial γ/γ′ microstructure, containing isolated γ′‐precipitates, into a bi‐continuous network where both phases are in themselves continuous and interpenetrate each other. Then, one of the two phases is selectively removed, so that a rigid structure consisting of the remaining phase with pores on the location of the removed phase results. This article reviews the progress made so far. In that time period, a number of ways to fabricate these unique materials have emerged, utilizing 1) single crystals and polycrystals as precursor materials as well as 2) coarsening of coherent and incoherent γ′‐precipitates to realize bi‐continuity of the microstructure. Consequently, a family of superalloy membranes has emerged with specific microstructures, properties, advantages, and limitations. It is the intention of this article to give an overview on these various manufacturing routes, as well as on resulting microstructures and properties. Finally, possible fields of applications are outlined. It is demonstrated that the particular manufacturing process from a solid to the porous material leads to certain advantages, such as the ability to structure the material in porous and solid areas as required by the application.

  相似文献   

    

Mónica Giménez‐Marqués  Elena Bellido  Thomas Berthelot  Teresa Simón‐Yarza  Tania Hidalgo  Rosana Simón‐Vázquez  África González‐Fernández  José Avila  Maria Carmen Asensio  Ruxandra Gref  Patrick Couvreur  Christian Serre  Patricia Horcajada 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(40)

Controlling the outer surface of nanometric metal–organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) and further understanding the in vivo effect of the coated material are crucial for the convenient biomedical applications of MOFs. However, in most studies, the surface modification protocol is often associated with significant toxicity and/or lack of selectivity. As an alternative, how the highly selective and general grafting GraftFast method leads, through a green and simple process, to the successful attachment of multifunctional biopolymers (polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hyaluronic acid) on the external surface of nanoMOFs is reported. In particular, effectively PEGylated iron trimesate MIL‐100(Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit suitable grafting stability and superior chemical and colloidal stability in different biofluids, while conserving full porosity and allowing the adsorption of bioactive molecules (cosmetic and antitumor agents). Furthermore, the nature of the MOF–PEG interaction is deeply investigated using high‐resolution soft X‐ray spectroscopy. Finally, a cell penetration study using the radio‐labeled antitumor agent gemcitabine monophosphate (³H‐GMP)‐loaded MIL‐100(Fe)@PEG NPs shows reduced macrophage phagocytosis, confirming a significant in vitro PEG furtiveness.  相似文献   

    

Oliver Mertens  Kim Christian Krause  Andreas Krause 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(7)

The distinctive length and morphology characteristics of thermomechanical produced wood fibers make it a promising candidate for the utilization in polymer composites. However, due to the low bulk density of these fibers, the feeding into the compounding process (i.e., extruders) is quite challenging. In this study, a novel simultaneous defibration and compounding process are conducted in order to solve the feed‐in problem of thermomechanical fibers. A disc‐refiner was used to defibrate wood chips to fibers and compound the fibers with neat polymer granulates in one process step. After the process, the material showed typically thermomechanical fibers with chopped polymer particles which were inseparably attached to the fiber. The observed mechanical properties of the composites were slightly lower than some literature values. With field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microtomography analysis, voids and a polymer enriched surface were found influencing the composites performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45859.  相似文献   

    

Ina Eibl  Daniela von der Haar  Marius Jesdinszki  Andreas Stäbler  Markus Schmid  Horst‐Christian Langowski 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(25)

In order to minimize the utilization of non‐renewable fossil resources, novel polymer sources for food packaging are being investigated. Micellar Lupin Protein (MLP), produced by dilution precipitation has great potential as functional laminating adhesive due to its high adhesion‐ and oxygen‐barrier properties. Formulations of MLP are used as laminating adhesive between high density‐polyethylene foil and paper as well as coating for poly(ethylene terephthalate) foil. The application of glycerol, sorbitol and combinations thereof as plasticizers are being investigated. Adhesive behavior as well as oxygen‐ and water vapor barrier properties were tested. The addition of both plasticizers enabled the preparation of processable coatings showing coherent and homogeneous morphology with improved adhesive behavior and oxygen barrier. When using sorbitol oxygen permeation coefficients of 0.93 cm³ (STP) 100 µm m^?2 d^?1 bar^?1 were achieved. The laminates containing only sorbitol provided adhesion properties comparable to standard polyurethane laminates with cohesion failure in 100% of the by T‐Peel‐Test examined cases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46383.  相似文献