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101.
Deformation models for image recognition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Keysers D Deselaers T Gollan C Ney H 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2007,29(8):1422-1435
We present the application of different nonlinear image deformation models to the task of image recognition. The deformation models are especially suited for local changes as they often occur in the presence of image object variability. We show that, among the discussed models, there is one approach that combines simplicity of implementation, low-computational complexity, and highly competitive performance across various real-world image recognition tasks. We show experimentally that the model performs very well for four different handwritten digit recognition tasks and for the classification of medical images, thus showing high generalization capacity. In particular, an error rate of 0.54 percent on the MNIST benchmark is achieved, as well as the lowest reported error rate, specifically 12.6 percent, in the 2005 international ImageCLEF evaluation of medical image specifically categorization. 相似文献
102.
103.
Dos Santos A Thiers V Sar S Derian N Bensalem N Yilmaz F Bralet MP Ducot B Bréchot C Demaugre F 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2007,1(6):545-554
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Proteomic studies provide opportunities to uncover targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, in HCC developing in a setting of cirrhosis, the detection of proteome alterations may be hampered by the increased cellular heterogeneity of tissue when analysing global liver homogenates. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the identification of proteome alterations in these HCC cases was improved when the differential protein profile between tumour and non-tumour areas of liver was determined using hepatocytes isolated by laser microdissection (LM). Differential profiles established with LM-hepatocytes and liver section homogenates using 2-DE and MS exhibited noticeable differences: 30% of the protein spots with deregulated expression in tumorous LM-samples did not display any modification in homogenates; conversely 15% of proteins altered in tumorous homogenates were not impaired in LM-hepatocytes. These alterations resulted from the presence in cirrhotic liver of fibrotic stroma which displayed a protein pattern different from that determined in LM-hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the interest of LM in distinguishing between fibrotic and hepatocyte proteome alterations and thus the benefit of LM to proteome studies of HCC developing in a context of cirrhosis. 相似文献
104.
The CA3 region of the hippocampus is a recurrent neural network that is essential for the storage and replay of sequences of patterns that represent behavioral events. Here we present a theoretical framework to calculate a sparsely connected network's capacity to store such sequences. As in CA3, only a limited subset of neurons in the network is active at any one time, pattern retrieval is subject to error, and the resources for plasticity are limited. Our analysis combines an analytical mean field approach, stochastic dynamics, and cellular simulations of a time-discrete McCulloch-Pitts network with binary synapses. To maximize the number of sequences that can be stored in the network, we concurrently optimize the number of active neurons, that is, pattern size, and the firing threshold. We find that for one-step associations (i.e., minimal sequences), the optimal pattern size is inversely proportional to the mean connectivity c, whereas the optimal firing threshold is independent of the connectivity. If the number of synapses per neuron is fixed, the maximum number P of stored sequences in a sufficiently large, nonmodular network is independent of its number N of cells. On the other hand, if the number of synapses scales as the network size to the power of 3/2, the number of sequences P is proportional to N. In other words, sequential memory is scalable. Furthermore, we find that there is an optimal ratio r between silent and nonsilent synapses at which the storage capacity alpha = P//[c(1 + r)N] assumes a maximum. For long sequences, the capacity of sequential memory is about one order of magnitude below the capacity for minimal sequences, but otherwise behaves similar to the case of minimal sequences. In a biologically inspired scenario, the information content per synapse is far below theoretical optimality, suggesting that the brain trades off error tolerance against information content in encoding sequential memories. 相似文献
105.
106.
We describe the application of knowledge-based potentials implemented in the MOE program to compare the ligand-binding sites of several proteins. The binding probabilities for a polar and a hydrophobic probe are calculated on a grid to allow easy comparison of binding sites of superimposed related proteins. The method is fast and simple enough to simultaneously use structural information of multiple proteins of a target family. The method can be used to rapidly cluster proteins into subfamilies according to the similarity of hydrophobic and polar fields of their ligand-binding sites. Regions of the binding site which are common within a protein family can be identified and analysed for the design of family-targeted libraries or those which differ for improvement of ligand selectivity. The field-based hierarchical clustering is demonstrated for three protein families: the ligand-binding domains of nuclear receptors, the ATP-binding sites of protein kinases and the substrate binding sites of proteases. More detailed comparisons are presented for serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family, for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subfamily of nuclear receptors and for progesterone and androgen receptor. The results are in good accordance with structure-based analysis and highlight important differences of the binding sites, which have been also described in the literature. 相似文献
107.
Hans Christian Boas 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2006,40(2):153-174
New methods of documenting languages with digital technologies has led to a multitude of different formats that are difficult
to reuse over time. To overcome the problems surrounding the portability of digital language documentation, linguists are
in the process of formulating best-practice recommendations to increase the likelihood of their work's long-term survival.
This paper describes the implementation of a comprehensive set of current best-practice recommendations pertaining to content,
format, discovery, access, citation, preservation, and rights in the context of the language documentation efforts of the
Texas German Dialect Project. This project is different from others in that it is not primarily concerned with digitizing
and archiving existing recordings. Instead, the archive it is creating is the end-result of a research project whose workflow
begins with data-collection in the filed and ends with depositing digitized and annotated language materials in a web-accessible
digital archive of Texas German. This paper shows how a number of conflicting best-practice recommendations can be resolved,
thereby satisfying the diverse needs of academic research, teaching, and outreach to the community. As such, the results reported
here are an important contribution to the search for strategies guaranteeing the long-term survival of digital language documentation
resources.
相似文献
Hans Christian BoasEmail: |
108.
Coordination components for collaborative virtual environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alberto B. Raposo Adailton J. A. da Cruz Christian M. Adriano Lo P. Magalhes 《Computers & Graphics》2001,25(6):1025-1039
This paper deals with the behavior of virtual environments from the collaboration point-of-view, in which actors (human or virtual beings) interact and collaborate by means of interdependent tasks. In this sense, actors may realize tasks that are dependent on tasks performed by other actors, while the interdependencies between tasks (through resource management and temporal relations) delineate the overall behavior of a virtual environment. Our main goal is to propose an approach for the coordination of those behaviors. Initially a generic study of possible interdependencies between collaborative tasks is presented, followed by the formal modeling (using Petri Nets) of coordination mechanisms for those dependencies. In order to implement such mechanisms, an architecture of reusable and pluggable coordination components is also introduced. These components are used in an implementation of a multi-user videogame. The presented approach is a concrete step to create virtual societies of actors that collaborate to reach common goals without the risk of getting involved in conflicting or repetitive tasks. 相似文献
109.
Critical success factors revisited: success and failure cases of information systems for senior executives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The literature suggests the existence of critical success factors (CSFs) for the development of information systems that support senior executives. Our study of six organizations gives evidence for this notion of CSFs. The study further shows an interesting pattern, namely that companies either “get it right”, and essentially succeed on all CSFs, or “get it completely wrong”, that is, fall short on each of the CSFs. Among the six cases for which data were collected through in-depth interviews with company executives, three organizations seemed to manage all the CSFs properly, while two others managed all CSFs poorly. Only one organization showed a mixed scorecard, managing some factors well and some not so well. At the completion of the study, this organization could neither be judged as a success, nor as a failure. This dichotomy between success and failure cases suggests the existence of an even smaller set of “meta-success” factors. Based on our findings, we speculate that these “meta-success” factors are “championship”, “availability of resources”, and “link to organization objectives”. 相似文献
110.
The use of information technology to enhance teaching and learning processes has been practiced for a number of years now.
However, the rapid growth in the use of the Internet has led to a new dimension in interactive and collaborative learning
anytime and anyplace dynamically. With the explosion of “virtual education initiatives”, the question of the feasibility and
success criteria for such projects quickly arises. To address the question in an organized way, we propose a project assessment
based on critical success factors. Hence, in this article, we draw on a widely recognized critical success factor framework.
We (slightly) adjust the framework to fit the special characteristics of virtual education initiatives, and apply to one case
study, namely the virtual education initiative at the Faculty of Business at the City University of Hong Kong. The results
suggest that the past success of the case is due to the adherence to the large majority of critical success factors. However,
it also outlines some areas of concern. The paper concludes with a discussion on the strength and limitations of virtual learning
environment as well as future directions.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献