Fatty acid accumulation in the different fractions of the developing corn kernel

In the food industry, the use of the oil is determined by the composition of fatty acids, and this is highly dependent on its natural origin. The fatty acid composition of whole corn kernel was determined in three varieties of corn (Astro, GH2547, and Local). Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in the oil of Astro and Local at all collection dates, whereas it was the major fatty acid in the oil of GH2547 only between 40 and 60 days after pollination (DAP). The fatty acid accumulation in the endosperm, pericarp and germ fractions of the corn kernel during maturation was determined. The accumulation pattern of oil content was different in these three kernel fractions. The highest levels of oil content in the endosperm (2.2%), germ (34.3%) and pericarp (10.8%) fractions were detected at 20, 40 and 30 (DAP), respectively. The fatty acid accumulation patterns were different amongst the analysed kernel parts, indicating a numerous differences between the three corn kernel parts. Throughout the sampling periods, the endosperm fraction was distinguished by the highest and the lowest levels of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. At all stages of kernel development, the pericarp fraction had the highest levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has numerous healthy applications. These results may be useful in the understanding of the potential source of the beneficial unsaturated fatty acids amongst the different fractions of the corn kernel during maturation.     

搅拌摩擦点焊

搅拌摩擦点焊(FSSw)是一种最近研究开发出来的新焊接技术.同目前的电阻点焊相比,该方法是具有节能、设备简单、焊点强度高、变形小、焊前表面清理简单,可以焊接厚度差别大的材料,特别适用于高强度铝合金的焊接.重点介绍该技术的基本原理、优缺点、焊接设备,对几种典型铝合金的焊接工艺参数、接头强度和组织等进行了比较详细的分析,从而对该技术有一个全面的了解.     

Synthese von nitro- und aminosubstituierten Thiobenzamiden durch Thiolierungsreaktionen mit elementarem Schwefel unter milden Bedingungen

Synthesis of Nitro- and Amino-Substituted Thiobenzamides by Thiolation Reactions with Elemental Sulfur at Mild Conditions The Synthesis of thiobenzamides 2 – 7 by basecatalyzed thiolation of nitro-benzyl-halides (type 1 ), especially at low temperatures, and the selective synthesis of p- and m-nitro-thio-benzamides ( 2 , 3 ) or p-and m-amino-thiobenzamides ( 5 , 6 ), respectively, are described. o-Nitro-benzylhalides (→ 4 , 7 ) are less reactive than p- and m-nitro-benzylhalides. The reaction of nitrobenzylhalides (type 1 ) with elemental sulfur and amines occuring at low temperatures to give 2 – 4 leads via structures of the type 11 , 15 and 16 .     

Personal intelligence expressed: A theoretical analysis.

An individual's cumulative life decisions help determine that person's well-being. To make good decisions requires knowing something about who one is and who one wants to be. It seems plausible that personality may draw on a specifically tailored intelligence that supports its own self-understanding and contributes to such life decisions. This personal intelligence (PI) helps the individual meet his or her own personal needs and to fit in with (or stand out from) the environment. What are people high in PI actually like relative to those lower in the skills? Drawing on a 2008 theory of PI-related abilities, the author reviews several literatures to examine what features distinguish the behavior of people high in PI from those lower in such skills. The feature list sets the stage for future research in distinguishing high-PI individuals from low-PI individuals according to their life expressions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive-behavioral therapy to enhance medication adherence and reduce depression (CBT-AD) in individuals with HIV. Design: A two arm, randomized, controlled, cross-over trial comparing CBT-AD to enhanced treatment as usual only (ETAU). ETAU, which both groups received, included a single-session intervention for adherence and a letter to the patient's provider documenting her or his continued depression. The intervention group also received 10 to 12 sessions of CBT-AD. Main Outcome Measures: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy as assessed by Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMs) and depression as assessed by blinded structured evaluation. Results: At the acute outcome assessment (3-months), those who received CBT-AD evidenced significantly greater improvements in medication adherence and depression relative to the comparison group. Those who were originally assigned to the comparison group who chose to cross over to CBT-AD showed similar improvements in both depression and adherence outcomes. Treatment gains for those in the intervention group were generally maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. By the end of the follow-up period, those originally assigned CBT-AD demonstrated improvements in plasma HIV RNA concentrations, though these differences did not emerge before the cross-over, and hence there were not between-groups differences. Conclusions: CBT-AD is a potentially efficacious approach for individuals with HIV struggling with depression and adherence. Replication and extension in larger efficacy trials are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dual-plane ultrafast limited-angle electron beam x-ray tomography

Electron beam x-ray tomography is an imaging technique, which can provide cross-sectional images of an object of interest with about 1 mm spatial resolution at frame rates of up to 10,000 frames per second. As a non-intrusive method it is especially suited for studying multiphase flows. For this purpose we devised an experimental limited-angle scan setup which utilizes linear beam deflection to generate radiographic projections. This setup was employed in the study of gas–liquid flow in an experimental flow loop operated at different liquid and gas flow rates. Electron-beam tomography images were compared with image data of a wire-mesh sensor. The latter is a fast but intrusive imaging device which is commonly used in gas–liquid flow imaging and achieves comparable frame rates but at lower spatial resolution. As a novelty we implemented a dual-plane limited-angle electron beam x-ray tomography which allows us to gain information about the phase velocities using cross-correlation data analysis.     

Evaluation of servo,geometric and dynamic error sources on five-axis high-speed machine tool

Many sources of errors exist in the manufacturing process of complex shapes. Some approximations occur at each step from the design geometry to the machined part.The aim of the paper is to present a method to evaluate the effect of high-speed and high dynamic load on volumetric errors at the tool center point.The interpolator output signals and the machine encoder signals are recorded and compared to evaluate the contouring errors resulting from each axis follow-up error. The machine encoder signals are also compared to the actual tool center point position as recorded with a non-contact measuring instrument called CapBall to evaluate the total geometric errors. The novelty of the work lies in the method that is proposed to decompose the geometric errors into two categories: the quasi-static geometric errors independent from the speed of the trajectory and the dynamic geometric errors, dependent on the programmed feed rate and resulting from the machine structure deflection during the acceleration of its axes.The evolution of the respective contributions for contouring errors, quasi-static geometric errors and dynamic geometric errors is experimentally evaluated and a relation between programmed feed rate and dynamic errors is highlighted.