CEA and AREVA R&D on HTR fuel fabrication and presentation of the CAPRI experimental manufacturing line

In the framework of the French V/HTR fuel development and qualification program, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and AREVA are conducting R&D projects covering the mastering of UO₂ coated particle and fuel compact fabrication technology. To fulfill this task, a review of past knowledge, of existing technologies and a preliminary laboratory-scale work program have been conducted with the aim of retrieving the know-how on HTR coated particle and compact manufacture:

• The different stages of UO₂ kernel fabrication GSP process have been reviewed, reproduced and improved.

• The experimental conditions for the chemical vapor deposition of coatings have been defined on dummy kernels and development of innovative characterization methods has been carried out.

• Former CERCA compacting process has been reviewed and updated.

In parallel, an experimental manufacturing line for coated particles, named GAIA, and a compacting line based on former CERCA compacting experience have been designed, constructed and are in operation since early 2005 at CEA Cadarache and CERCA Romans, respectively. These two facilities constitute the CAPRI line (CEA and AREVA PRoduction Integrated line).The major objectives of the CAPRI line are:

• to recover and validate past knowledge,

• to produce representative HTR TRISO fuel meeting industrial standards,

• to permit the optimization of reference fabrication processes for kernels and coatings defined previously at a laboratory-scale and the investigation of alternative and innovative fuel design (UCO kernel, ZrC coating),

• to test alternative compact process options and

• to fabricate and characterize fuel required for irradiation and qualification purpose.

This paper presents the status of progress of R&D conducted on HTR fuel particles and compact manufacture by early 2005 and the potential of the laboratory-scale HTR fuel CAPRI line.     

Using duration models to reduce fragmentation in audio segmentation

We investigate explicit segment duration models in addressing the problem of fragmentation in musical audio segmentation. The resulting probabilistic models are optimised using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods; in particular, we introduce a modification to Wolff’s algorithm to make it applicable to a segment classification model with an arbitrary duration prior. We apply this to a collection of pop songs, and show experimentally that the generated segmentations suffer much less from fragmentation than those produced by segmentation algorithms based on clustering, and are closer to an expert listener’s annotations, as evaluated by two different performance measures. Editor: Gerhard Widmer     

Volume-Surface Trees

Many algorithms in computer graphics improve their efficiency by using Hierarchical Space Subdivision Schemes (HS³), such as octrees, kD‐trees or BSP trees. Such HS³ usually provide an axis‐aligned subdivision of the 3D space embedding a scene or an object. However, the purely volume‐based behavior of these schemes often leads to strongly imbalanced surface clustering. In this article, we introduce the VS‐Tree, an alternative HS³ providing efficient and accurate surface‐based hierarchical clustering via a combination of a global 3D decomposition at coarse subdivision levels, and a local 2D decomposition at fine levels near the surface. First, we show how to efficiently construct VS‐Trees over meshes and point‐based surfaces, and analyze the improvement it offers for cluster‐based surface simplification methods. Then we propose a new surface reconstruction algorithm based on the volume‐surface classification of the VS‐Tree. This new algorithm is faster than state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction methods and provides a final semi‐regular mesh comparable to the output of remeshing algorithms.     

Independence and Possibilistic Conditioning

There is not a unique definition of a conditional possibility distribution since the concept of conditioning is complex and many papers have been conducted to define conditioning in a possibilistic framework. In most cases, independence has been also defined and studied by means of a kind of analogy with the probabilistic case. In [2,4], we introduce conditional possibility as a primitive concept by means of a function whose domain is a set of conditional events. In this paper, we define a concept of independence associated with this form of conditional possibility and we show that classical properties required for independence concepts are satisfied.     

Electrical Conductivity and Spin Crossover: Towards the First Achievement With a Metal Bis Dithiolene Complex

The synthesis, structure, magnetic behavior and electrical conductivity of the system [Fe(sal₂trien)][Ni(dmit)₂]_x have been investigated. The electrocrystallization method used has afforded small amounts of crystalline multi-phase materials. In particular, the complex salt [Fe(sal₂trien)][Ni(dmit)₂]₃ has been unambiguously characterized. Surprisingly, despite it contains the spin crossover cation [Fe(sal₂trien)]⁺, the complex does not exhibit spin transition. Most probably, this fact is related to the structural arrangement of the cationic species, which in addition are strongly disordered. This salt behaves like a semiconductor. A strongly cooperative spin transition accompanied with a hysteresis loop is observed in a still-unknown phase obtained during the preparation of [Fe(sal₂-trien)] [Ni(dmit)₂]₃.     

Lead poisoning in monkeys during pregnancy and lactation

Twenty-two female monkeys (Macaca irus) were given lead acetate by an intramuscular route during pregnancy and/or lactation.A high dose of lead (5 mg Pb²⁺/kg/day) can induce abortions and death in pregnant monkeys.At a lower dose (1 mg Pb²⁺/kg/day), the foetus can be exposed to lead via placenta and/or maternal milk. Studies using optical microscopy showed the typical renal lesions in mothers treated during pregnancy (five months) and an erythrodiapedesis in cerebral matter of the new-born at birth.     

Size, differentiation and the performance of Dutch daily newspapers

We demonstrate how organizational ecology can contribute tostrategic management and managerial practice by using resource-partitioningtheory to make predictions with respect to: (i) the short-runperformance (i.e. growth and profitability) consequences ofbroad (generalist) vis-à-vis focus (specialist) strategies;(ii) the detrimental performance implications of a particularinstance of being strategically ‘stuck in the middle’;and (iii) the performance consequences of organizational sizedifferences. We hypothesize that these effects depend on theposition of the organization in resource space. These predictionsare tested by estimating models of growth and profitability,using data on Dutch generalist (national) and specialist (regional)newspapers from 1968 to 1994. The findings show that resource-partitioningtheory provides a dynamic backbone to understand the performanceconsequences of different generic strategies and organizationalsize positions.     

Prescribed error tolerances within fixed computational times for scattering problems of arbitrarily high frequency: the convex case

We present a new algorithm for the numerical solution of problems of electromagnetic or acoustic scattering by large, convex obstacles. This algorithm combines the use of an ansatz for the unknown density in a boundary-integral formulation of the scattering problem with an extension of the ideas of the method of stationary phase. We include numerical results illustrating the high-order convergence of our algorithm as well as its asymptotically bounded computational cost as the frequency increases.