用最小二乘法恢复逐行倒相副载波

介绍ＰＡＬ制彩色全电视信号中色同步信号编码原理及恢复逐行倒相副载波的过程中，两种计算色同步信号相位角的方法。并且在实验的基础上得出：最小二乘法在ＰＡＬ制电视信号的副载波相位角计算中不仅可以满足精度要求，而且简便灵活。     

Visualization of Negative Refraction in Chiral Nihility Media

Chiral nihility media are known to produce a backward wave as one of their two polarizations, yielding negative refraction at the interface of the chiral nihility medium and free space. In this paper, the analysis of chiral nihility effects is illustrated by showing the propagation of a Gaussian beam, both reflected and refracted from an air-chiral interface, and through layered chiral nihility media that are matched to free space. The critical angle for total reflection, and the index-matched total transmission in a matched chiral half-space, are demonstrated. Also demonstrated are the wave splitting, wave widening, and a wave of “standing phase” in matched chiral nihility slabs.     

激光熔凝NiAl/纳米Al2O3化学复合镀层抗高温氧化性能

采用大功率连续横流CO2激光对化学复合镀NiAl/纳米Al2O3复合镀层进行激光熔凝处理,并对熔凝层的抗高温氧化性能进行研究。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等分别对高温氧化前后的表面形貌、物相组织和元素组成进行表征分析。与复合镀层和基体试样相比,激光熔凝后表面抗高温氧化性能明显提高,这一方面与激光熔凝镀层中的金属间化合物NiAl2O4、Ni0.77AlFe0.23在800℃时具有良好的抗高温氧化性有关,另一方面是由于激光熔凝后镀层表面形成了连续致密的氧化膜。     

基于边缘初始化的竞争网络的矢量量化

用神经网络实现图像矢量量化是一种非常有效的方法。我们对竞争网络的初始化进行改进,提出一种新的基于边缘初始化的竞争网络的矢量量化(EICL),实验表明主客观效果良好。     

大气气溶胶质谱研究进展

文中较为详细地介绍了大气气溶胶粒子质谱研究的发展概况，从离线的质谱测量技术到实时在线的测量技术，特别是目前应用较为广泛的激光电离气溶胶飞行时间质谱技术——一种可以同时测量气溶胶粒子的大小和化学成分的方法的原理和应用。     

烟草青枯病颉颃细菌的筛选及其防病效果研究

从安徽、浙江等地的烟草、蕃茄和辣椒等茄科作物根标、根围土壤和病、健植株组织中,分离纯化到168个细菌菌株,通过室内异步培养法和平板扩散法,筛选出17个对烟草青枯病菌具有一定颉颃作用的菌株,其中,AQB-46和AQB-33两菌株抑菌能力最强,抑菌圈直径分别为33.7mm和30.6mm。盆栽防病结果表明,这2个菌株对青枯病的防治效果在接种青枯菌后的30d内一直维持在54.2%~64.7%。菌株AQB-62室内抑菌试验效果明显低于AQB-46和AQB-33,但盆栽防病的效果在接种后的20d内也一直维持在49.9%~53.0%的水平。接种前3d喷施颉颃菌的各处理,其防病效果远高于接种后3d喷施颉颃菌的各处理,前者防效最高为64.7%,而后者最高仅为15.0%,说明颉颃菌对烟草青枯病的防治主要表现为预防。此外,颉颃菌的防病作用主要表现为减轻发病程度,而对发病率没有影响。颉颃菌除具有直接的抑制青枯菌定殖、繁衍、扩展外,有的菌株如AQB-62还具有一定的诱导抗性作用。AQB-46,AQB-33和AQB-62等3个菌株可望研制成生物农药,使之更有效地防治烟草青枯病。      

Suppressing Ion Migration across Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Polymer Additives

Passivation of organometal halide perovskites with polar molecules has been recently demonstrated to improve the photovoltaic device efficiency and stability. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Here, it is found that both polymers with large and small dipole moment of 3.7 D and 0.6 D have negligible defect passivation effect on the MAPbI₃ perovskite films as evidenced by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. The photovoltaic devices with and without the polymer additives also have comparable power conversion efficiencies around 19%. However, devices with the additives have noticeable improvement in stability under continuous light irradiation. It is found that although the initial mobile ion concentrations are comparable in both devices with and without the additives, the additives can strongly suppress the ion migration during the device operation. This contributes to the significantly enhanced electrical-field stress tolerance of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The PVSCs with polymer additives can operate up to −2 V reverse voltage bias which is much larger than the breakdown voltage of −0.5 V that has been commonly observed. This study provides insight into the role of additives in perovskites and the corresponding device degradation mechanism.     

Suppressed Lattice Disorder for Large Emission Enhancement and Structural Robustness in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Discovered by High-Pressure Isotope Effect

The soft nature of organic–inorganic halide perovskites renders their lattice particularly tunable to external stimuli such as pressure, undoubtedly offering an effective way to modify their structure for extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, using the methylammonium lead iodide as a representative exploratory platform, it is observed that the pressure-driven lattice disorder can be significantly suppressed via hydrogen isotope effect, which is crucial for better optical and mechanical properties previously unattainable. By a comprehensive in situ neutron/synchrotron-based analysis and optical characterizations, a remarkable photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by threefold is convinced in deuterated CD₃ND₃PbI₃, which also shows much greater structural robustness with retainable PL after high peak-pressure compression–decompression cycle. With the first-principles calculations, an atomic level understanding of the strong correlation among the organic sublattice and lead iodide octahedral framework and structural photonics is proposed, where the less dynamic CD₃ND₃⁺ cations are vital to maintain the long-range crystalline order through steric and Coulombic interactions. These results also show that CD₃ND₃PbI₃-based solar cell has comparable photovoltaic performance as CH₃NH₃PbI₃-based device but exhibits considerably slower degradation behavior, thus representing a paradigm by suggesting isotope-functionalized perovskite materials for better materials-by-design and more stable photovoltaic application.     

Nonlinear THz-Nano Metasurfaces

Extreme terahertz (THz) science and technologies, the next disruptive frontier in nonlinear optics, provide multifaceted capabilities for exploring strong light-matter interactions in a variety of physical systems. However, current techniques involve the need for an extremely high-field free space THz source that is difficult to generate and has limited investigations to a rather weak and linear regime of light-matter interactions. Therefore, new approaches are being sought for the tight confinement of THz waves that can induce nonlinear effects. Here, a nonlinear “tera-nano” metasurface is demonstrated exhibiting extremely large THz nonlinearity and sensitive self-modulation of resonances at moderate incident THz field strengths. A record deep-subwavelength (≈λ/33 000) confinement of strongly enhanced (^≈3200) THz field in a nano-gap (15 nm) exhibits remarkable THz field-tailored nonlinearity. Further, ultrafast injection of photocarriers reveals a competition between nonlinear THz field-induced intervalley scattering and optically driven interband excitations. The results on “tera-nano” metasurfaces enable a novel platform to realize enhanced nonlinear nano/micro composites for field-sensitive extreme THz nonlinear applications without the need for intense THz light sources.     

一种电子产品过期失效算法的实现

本文提出了一种基于MCU的电子产品过期失效的算法。该算法可实现系统使用期限的控制,包括密码获取、系统激活、系统倒计时三个部分,详细介绍了其实现过程,并给出了相应的源代码。为电子产品添加该算法模块能更好地使产品推广试用以及有效地解决客户欠款问题,给产品开发者带来更大的经济效益。