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41.
V. V. Sil’vestrov A. V. Plastinin I. V. Yakovlev V. V. Pai 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》1997,33(3):360-377
Results of a study of hypervelocity impact in model disperse-reinforced composites with an epoxy or aluminum matrix with metallic
(Al and Pb) or ceramic (SiO2) inclusions are reported. The goal of the present study is to find materials that possess a higher resistance to penetration
of a high-velocity projectile compared with materials of separate components. This resistance is characterized by the ratio
of the depth of a crater in a sufficiently thick target to the diameter of a spherical projectile. For two composites studied,
we show that in impact of a steel particle with a velocity ranging from3 to11km/sec, the crater depth is approximately one projectile diameter smaller than that for lead or aluminum targets.
Lavrent’ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090. Translated from
Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 139–151, May–June, 1997. 相似文献
42.
Neung‐Ju Lee Ja‐Chul Koo Sung‐Suk Ju Seong‐Bae Moon Won‐Jei Cho In‐Cheol Jeong Song‐Jae Lee Moo‐Youn Cho Emmanuel A Theodorakis 《Polymer International》2002,51(7):569-576
The attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: Mn = 8900 g mol?1, Mw = 13 300 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); Mn = 13 500 g mol?1, Mw = 16 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); Mn = 8300 g mol?1, Mw = 11 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg?1). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
43.
Chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (CPP) having various chlorine contents were blended with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (EVA) having various vinyl acetate (VA) contents. The blends were made by casting films from dilute THF solutions and miscibility of the blends was identified by single glass transition temperature, which was confirmed by DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements. Based on the miscibility data from a large number of CPP/EVA combinations, a miscibility map was depicted where CO equivalent weight (CO-EQW) of EVA was plotted against chlorine equivalent weight (Cl-EQW) of CPP. Though an attractive interaction between CPP and EVA could be detected in all the miscible and immiscible blend pairs, miscibility of the CPP/EVA blends could solely be observed in a relatively narrow range of Cl-EQW ca. 65–100 and CO-EQW ca. 170–230. 相似文献
44.
High‐performance shape‐memory polyurethane block copolymers, prepared with two types of poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) used as soft segments, were investigated for their mechanical properties. Copolymers with a random or block soft‐segment arrangement had higher stresses at break and elongations at break than those with only one kind of PTMG. Random copolymers with fewer interchain interactions showed higher elongation than block copolymers. All the copolymers had shape‐recovery ratios higher than 80%. In dynamic mechanical testing, the glass‐transition behavior clearly depended on the soft‐segment arrangement: random copolymers had only one glass‐transition peak, whereas block copolymers showed two separate glass‐transition peaks. Overall, the control of the soft‐segment arrangement plays a vital role in the development of high‐performance shape‐memory polyurethane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2410–2415, 2004 相似文献
45.
The effects of reaction temperature, pressure and residence time were investigated with a flow apparatus. Cellobiose decomposition
kinetics and products in suband supercritical water were examined at temperatures from 320 to 420 °C at pressures from 25
to 40 MPa, and at residence times within 3 sec. Cellobiose was found to decompose via hydrolysis and pyrolysis. The yield
of desired hydrolysis product, glucose, was the maximum value of 36.8% at 320 °C, 35 MPa, but the amount of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
(HMF), fermentation inhibitor increased too because residence time increased in the subcritical region owing to decrease of
reaction rate. Meanwhile, though the yield of glucose is low in the supercritical region, the yield of HMF decreased compared
with the subcritical region; and at the minimum yield of HMF (380 °C, 25 MPa), the yield of glucose was 21.4%. The decomposition
of cellobiose followed first-order kinetics and the activation energy for the decomposition of cellobiose was 51.05 kJ/mol
at 40MPa. 相似文献
46.
The effect of adsorptive species on non-isothermal gas-solid reactions is studied on the basis of Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. The concept of an effectiveness factor provides good information to ascertain the effect of adsorptive species and the transition of the rate controlling regime, in connection with the parameters, generally used in the analysis of non-isothermal behavior. For highly exothermic reactions, the effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves with multiple solutions are presented with respect to the modified adsorption equilibrium constant. The variations of the rate-controlling regime by the effect of adsorptive species are also discussed. 相似文献
47.
A new characterization procedure for aqueous solutions with unknown composition was proposed based on the binomial distribution
of TOC (total organic carbon) fraction in terms of a characterizing variable, the Freundlich coefficient, k, so that the solution
in question can be described by a finite number of pseudo.species identified with a certain k value. The validity and computational
accuracy of this procedure has been demonstrated by characterizing three sets of experimental data chosen from different sources.
Predictions based on this procedure yielded acceptable results that agreed closely with experimental data. 相似文献
48.
A surface diffusion mocel with diffusional interference has been presented for the analysis of multicomponent adsorption of
phenols by activated carbon. Surface diffusion coefficients for multicomponent adsorptions were estimated from the relationship
between. the surface diffusion coefficient of each species and the surface coverage. The diffusional interference coefficients,
Wij, was determined from experimental counter-adsorption data. The numerical values of Wij were in the range of 0.4–0.9, which show that the introduction of diffusional interference is necessary to analyze multicomponent
counter-adsorptions properly. The proposed model successfully simulates the behaviour of phenols-activated carbon system in
a batch adsorber. 相似文献
49.
Modern MRI measurements deliver volumetric and time‐varying blood‐flow data of unprecedented quality. Visual analysis of these data potentially leads to a better diagnosis and risk assessment of various cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances have improved the speed and quality of the imaging data considerably. Nevertheless, the data remains compromised by noise and a lack of spatiotemporal resolution. Besides imaging data, also numerical simulations are employed. These are based on mathematical models of specific features of physical reality. However, these models require realistic parameters and boundary conditions based on measurements. We propose to use data assimilation to bring measured data and physically‐based simulation together, and to harness the mutual benefits. The accuracy and noise robustness of the coupled approach is validated using an analytic flow field. Furthermore, we present a comparative visualization that conveys the differences between using conventional interpolation and our coupled approach. 相似文献
50.
Zhen-Xue Liu Jung-Nam Park S. H. R. Abdi Seung-Kyu Park Yong-Ki Park Chul Wee Lee 《Topics in Catalysis》2006,39(3-4):221-226
In this paper, the ethylene adsorption capacities of the nano-sized carbon hollow spheres (CNB) and active carbon (AC), the
Pd (PdCl2) impregnated CNB or AC (Pd/CNB, Pd/AC) and heat treatment under various conditions, were studied at different ethylene concentrations
from 64 to 1060 ppm. The results indicated that AC had a good ethylene adsorption capacity at high ethylene concentration.
Pd impregnation decreased the ethylene adsorption capacity of AC. Heat treatment and H2 activation could increase the ethylene adsorption capacity, but also lowered than AC itself. CNB had lower ethylene adsorption
capacity than AC, but heat treatment and H2 activation could increase its ethylene adsorption capacity markedly. With activating condition from heat treatment in N2 at 300 °C to activation in H2/N2 at 100 °C, to activation in H2 at 200 °C, and to activation in H2 at 300 °C, the ethylene adsorption capacity of Pd/CNB was increased regularly. At low ethylene concentration, viz., 64 ppm,
the ethylene adsorption quantities (q
a) by Pd/CNB activated in H2 at 200 or 300 °C were higher than any other adsorbents. So, activated in H2 atmosphere at higher than 100 °C, Pd/CNB is particularly advantaged for adsorbing low concentration of ethylene. Amongst
all the adsorbents used, Pd/CNB activated in H2 atmosphere at 300 °C for 2 h has the highest ethylene adsorption capacity at lower concentration than 125 ppm. In addition,
all the CNB, Pd/CNB, AC, and Pd/AC samples can be easily regenerated in airflow for more than 3 h. 相似文献