Dietary exposure assessment of β-glucan in a barley and oat based bread

The objective of this study was to develop a β-glucan human exposure assessment model for a barley and a oat based bread and to compare the resulting exposure to the current FDA recommendation for a health promoting effect (3 g β-glucan/day, 0.75 g/portion of β-glucan). Three formulated barley and oat based breads with 30% (S1), 50% (S2) and 70% (S3) substitution of wheat flour were used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to predict human consumption levels. The level of soluble β-glucan was found to reach 0.77 g/portion for some barley and oat based breads with a substitution level of S3. Under normal consumption patterns, consumption of barley based bread can meet up to 50% of the FDA recommended intake with S1, 70% with S2, and 100% with S3, whereas by consuming an oat based bread the FDA recommended intake is met 30% with S1, 50% with S2 and 70% with S3. The model predicted that total cholesterol (TC) lowered with an increase intake of β-glucan content from ?0.27 to ?0.30 mmol/l and ?0.18 to ?0.29 mmol/l from S1 to S3 for barley and oats based bread, respectively. No significant change was noted for the blood glucose level.     

Influence of pH on colour and iron content of peptide fractions obtained from bovine Hb concentrate hydrolysates

The effect of pH on colour and iron content (Fe) of peptide fractions obtained from bovine haemoglobin concentrate (BHC) hydrolysates was studied. Four hydrolysates were obtained using three enzymes: Protex‐6‐L (P), Fungal–Protease–Concetrate (FC) and Flavourzyme (F). BHC and its hydrolysates (P, FC, P + F, FC + F) were fractioned at pH 4.5, 7.0 and 9.5. Solubility and Fe from different fractions were measured. Correlations between CIELAB colour parameters and Fe from different fractions were analysed. The colour from different fractions varied from red to yellow (a* and b* positives). Lightness values (L*) ranged from twenty‐four to seventy. FC4.5 and FC + F4.5 fractions were the clearest and yellow (higher L*, b*, h), while BHC9.5 and P + F9.5 fractions had the lowest values of L*, b* and h. There was an inverse linear relationship between b* and L* parameters and Fe from fractions. This relationship could be associated with the pH of extraction. As pH increases Fe significantly increases and lower b* and L* values were obtained.     

广西佛子冲火山岩覆盖区孔坡隐伏铅锌矿床定位预测

在对佛子冲火山岩覆盖区成矿背景和成矿模式研究的基础上,岩浆岩、地层、围岩蚀变和矿化及化探异常和物探异常（ＴＥＭ） 的研究结果表明,孔坡预测区具备良好的找矿前景,Ｐｂ＋ Ｚｎ 远景储量在３６ 万ｔ 以上,并提出进一步的找矿设计。     

Electrical characterization and modelling of top‐emitting PIN‐OLEDs

Abstract— Positively doped, intrinsic, negatively doped organic light‐emitting diodes (PIN‐OLEDs) have been shown to exhibit high efficiency and a long lifetime compared to conventional small‐molecule OLEDs (SM‐OLEDs). The improved performance of PIN‐OLEDs makes them attractive for use in display applications. Knowledge of the electrical load exhibited by these devices is used to develop an equivalent electrical‐circuit model. Such models are used by circuit designers to assist with the precise design of active‐matrix‐display driver circuits used in such applications. In this paper, the development of a SPICE model for a top‐emitting PIN‐OLED stack is reported.     

Winning and positive affect can lead to reckless gambling.

Experiments 1 and 2 examined whether winning versus losing led to reckless betting for real prize money. Experiment 2 also assessed whether positive or negative emotions were linked to such reckless betting. College students were randomly assigned to experience primarily either wins or losses during the rigged first round of a computerized card tournament that had 2 independent rounds. For the second round, participants’ chip totals were reset and cards were dealt randomly. In Experiment 1 (N = 107), participants in the Initial-Winning, as compared with the Initial-Losing, condition bet more recklessly (i.e., bet too many chips when a loss was likely). Experiment 2 (N = 72) again showed that Initial-Winning participants bet significantly more recklessly than did Initial-Losing participants. It also revealed that positive affect was significantly positively correlated with such reckless betting. These findings have implications for understanding how college students, those at an age when they are especially vulnerable to problem gambling, can come to lose more money than they can afford. Initially winning and positive affect when gambling could be risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of loop closing techniques in monocular SLAM

Loop closure detection systems for monocular SLAM come in three broad categories: (i) map-to-map, (ii) image-to-image and (iii) image-to-map. In this paper, we have chosen an implementation of each and performed experiments allowing the three approaches to be compared. The sequences used include both indoor and outdoor environments and single and multiple loop trajectories.     

Effects of source coherence and aperture array geometry on optical sectioning strength in direct-view microscopy

Laser sources offer a possible solution to the problem of low light throughput in direct-view microscopes (DVMs). However, coherent source DVMs have been shown to suffer from problems such as increased sidelobes in the depth response because of coherent cross talk between neighboring apertures. We explore theoretically how source coherence affects the depth responses of DVMs by employing various aperture spacings and number of apertures. We show that, contrary to expectation, closely spaced apertures can result in decreased full width at half-maximum of the depth response curve. We explain this as an effect of destructive interference when cross talk between neighboring apertures occurs. Using apertures arranged in a square grid as an example, we move on to show that the use of aperture arrays that consist of regularly arranged apertures can accentuate the problematic sidelobes of the depth response. We show that arranging pinholes in a rectangular grid rather than a square grid can improve the optical sectioning strength significantly. Finally, by examination of the depth responses corresponding to the infinite-pinhole-array limit, we make some general statements about source coherence and the characteristics of arrays that are likely to perform well.     

三峡工程永久船闸边坡稳定性分析

根据三峡工程永久船闸边坡块体分布，利用块体理论并结合支护情况探讨了三峡工程永久船闸边坡的稳定性，这对相关问题的研究将提供有益的借鉴作用。     

Role of analogical reasoning in the induction of problem categories.

In 3 experiments, novices were required to answer questions while reading a series of problems. The questions required them either to analyze individual problem structures (intraproblem processing) or compare problem structures (analogical comparison processing) to derive answers. Ss who engaged in problem comparison processing were found to categorize and describe problems on the basis of problem structure, whereas those who engaged in intraproblem processing, or simply read the problems, categorized and described them on the basis of surface features. Analogical comparisons also facilitated selection and construction of equations relative to intraproblem processing. These results suggest that analogical comparison is an important component in the induction of problem categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SNS Na+ channel expression increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the carrageenan inflammatory pain model

In contrast to conventional T cells, natural killer (NK) 1.1+ T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha/beta+ (NK1+T) cells, NK cells, and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) bearing CD8-alpha/alpha chains constitutively express the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (R)beta/15Rbeta chain. Recent studies have indicated that IL-2Rbeta/15Rbeta chain is required for the development of these lymphocyte subsets, outlining the importance of IL-15. In this study, we investigated the development of these lymphocyte subsets in interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient (IRF-1-/-) mice. Surprisingly, all of these lymphocyte subsets were severely reduced in IRF-1-/- mice. Within CD8-alpha/alpha+ intestinal IEL subset, TCR-gamma/delta+ cells and TCR-alpha/beta+ cells were equally affected by IRF gene disruption. In contrast to intestinal TCR-gamma/delta+ cells, thymic TCR-gamma/delta+ cells developed normally in IRF-1-/- mice. Northern blot analysis further revealed that the induction of IL-15 messenger RNA was impaired in IRF-1-/- bone marrow cells, and the recovery of these lymphocyte subsets was observed when IRF-1-/- cells were cultured with IL-15 in vitro. These data indicate that IRF-1 regulates IL-15 gene expression, which may control the development of NK1+T cells, NK cells, and CD8-alpha/alpha+ IELs.