Self-disclosure.

A review of the analog literature about therapist self-disclosure suggests that nonclients generally have positive perceptions of therapist self-disclosures. A review of the naturalistic psychotherapy literature indicates that therapist self-disclosure occurs infrequently, is used more often by humanistic-experiential than psychoanalytic therapists, is most often about professional background than about intimate personal details, is used for many different reasons, is used cautiously by therapists, and is helpful in the immediate process of therapy. Effects of therapist self-disclosure on the ultimate outcome of therapy are less clear. Limitations of the research (poor and inconsistent definitions and lack of a clinically appropriate methodology for studying self-disclosure) and guidelines for therapeutic practice are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Audiovisual bounce-inducing effect: Attention alone does not explain why the discs are bouncing.

Two discs moving from opposite points in space, overlapping and stopping at the other disc's starting point, can be seen as either bouncing or streaming through each other. With silent displays, observers report the discs as streaming, whereas if a sound is played when the discs touch each other, observers report the discs as bouncing. The origin of the switch from streaming to bouncing response is not known yet. The sound either shifts perception toward that of an impact-elastic event (i.e., a bounce) or subtracts the attention that is necessary to perceive the discs as streaming. We used either impact-similar (abrupt amplitude attack, gradual decay) or impact-dissimilar sounds (gradual amplitude attack, abrupt decay) and found that the first sounds induce the bouncing response, whereas the latter, although as distracting as the first, render streaming and bouncing responses equally frequent at most. We interpret the audiovisual bouncing effect as resulting from attention subtraction, which raises the number of bounce responses in comparison with silent displays, and from perception, which further increments the number of bounce responses and turns the response into a strong bounce response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intramuscular fatty acid composition of “Galician Mountain” foals breed: Effect of sex,slaughtered age and livestock production system

The effects of sex, slaughtered age (9 vs. 12 months) and livestock production system (freedom extensive system vs. semi extensive system) of “Galician Mountain” foals breed on the fatty acid composition were studied. The sex and slaughtered age of the animals had no statistical significance in the intramuscular fatty acids. Furthermore, the livestock production system showed differences in the fatty acid profiles from the Longissimus dorsi. The feeding system showed significant differences in PUFA content (P < 0.001) higher in freedom extensive production system that semi extensive system, whereas MUFA content was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in semi extensive system. This major PUFA content in freedom extensive production showed a significant (r = 0.70, P < 0.01) correlation with C18:3n− 3 content and can be attributed to their eaten only pasture until slaughtered. The higher MUFA contents (P < 0.001) observed for semi extensive production system foals were very significant (r = 0.98, p < 0.01) correlated with C18:1cis−9 content and less significant (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) correlated with C16:1cis−9 content. In addition, the data reinforced the evidence that foals from extensive production system on wood pasture have a higher nutritional quality (mainly due to the higher levels of n−3 PUFA) when compared to concentrate-fed foals, as a result of the beneficial effects of grass on meat fatty acid profiles.     

Complex Elucidation of Cells-of-Origin in Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma: From Concepts to Real Life,Hide-and-Seek through Epigenetic and Transcriptional Reprogramming

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) comprise a large group of mesenchymal malignant tumors with heterogeneous cellular morphology, proliferative index, genetic lesions and, more importantly, clinical features. Full elucidation of this wide diversity remains a central question to improve their therapeutic management and the identity of cell(s)-of-origin from which these tumors arise is part of this enigma. Cellular reprogramming allows transitions of a mature cell between phenotypes, or identities, and represents one key driver of tumoral heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how cellular reprogramming mediated by driver genes in STS can profoundly reshape the molecular and morphological features of a transformed cell and lead to erroneous interpretation of its cell-of-origin. This review questions the fact that the epigenetic context in which a genetic alteration arises has to be taken into account as a key determinant of STS tumor initiation and progression. Retracing the cancer-initiating cell and its clonal evolution, notably via epigenetic approach, appears as a key lever for understanding the origin of these tumors and improving their clinical management.     

Differences in microstructure and mechanical properties between Y-TZP and AL2O3-doped Y-TZP/bioglass ceramics

Y-TZP (YZ) and Al₂O₃-doped Y-TZP (AYZ) bioceramics with addition of different contents of a refractory bioglass were fabricated. The influence of the glass addition and sintering temperature on the densification behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of YZ and AYZ was studied. The developed ceramics contained small amounts of ZrSiO₄ and Ca₂P₂O₇ phases within the ZrO₂ matrix. The incorporation of glass to YZ promoted the ZrO₂ phase partitioning and enhanced the ZrO₂ grain growth at all the sintering temperatures, whereas the glass addition in AYZ prevented the Y₂O₃ redistribution between ZrO₂ grains and limited the ZrO₂ grain growth at 1300–1400°C. The hardness of the samples with glass was not significantly altered by using either YZ or AYZ. A slight increase in the fracture toughness with increasing glass content was found for YZ, while the fractured toughness of AYZ decreased by the glass addition. The more pronounced ZrO₂ phase partitioning of YZ with glass decreased the flexural strength, whereas AYZ maintained almost unaltered its flexural strength at a high level by the glass incorporation.     

Variation of mineral contents with nutritional interest in a collection of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja tubers

Colombia has a biodiversity centre of diploid potatoes located at south of the country. This study evaluated the amounts of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in a biodiversity panel of potato tubers, constituting native cultivars, accessions of the Working Collection of Potato Breeding Program at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CCC) and commercial cultivars. The highest quantity of minerals found were as follows: 34 333 ± 4509 mg K kg⁻¹ potato dry weight (DW; CCC112), 1965 ± 898 mg Ca kg⁻¹ potato DW (CCC23), 87.5 ± 8.8 mg Fe kg⁻¹ potato DW (CCC116) and 60.7 ± 5.1 mg Zn kg⁻¹ potato DW (CCC31). As compared to those in commercial cultivars, the currently evaluated tubers had an increase of 1.4, 12.5, 3.5 and 3.6-fold in K, Ca, Fe and Zn. These genotypes can be used in the future breeding programmes to enhance specific mineral contents in tubers.     

Case study of the process and outcome of career counseling.

The process and outcome of a career counseling case was studied. Across the course of the 7 sessions, the 43-yr-old client attained her career goals and increased both her career exploration and her exploration stress. She decreased exploration stress, maintained other changes, and crystallized her career goals by the 18-mo follow-up. Compared with her behavior in personal counseling, this counselor mostly used intentions of support, insight, and feelings but gave more information and set limits in career counseling. On the basis of 5 analyses, the most helpful counselor intentions were give information, support, clarify, feelings, insight, change, reinforce change, challenge, and relationship. The helpful ingredients of career counseling are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age differentiation in the effect of household situation on first-time homeownership

To become a homeowner, it is necessary tohave sufficient resources and stability in thehousehold situation. In existing studies,household type is often used as a proxy forlevel of stability. Household types with a highlevel of commitment (married couples withoutand with children) are regarded as stablehouseholds, and singles and cohabitors as lessstable households. In this paper, it is arguedthat stability can be reached not only bymaking a commitment, but also by growing older.Increasing age brings stability into the livesof singles and cohabitors. Age also matters forthe structure of resources and costs ofdifferent household types. From a combinationof theory on age and theory on homeownership inthe life course, five hypotheses are derived.They are tested on retrospective data by usingdiscrete-time event-history analysis. From amodel with interaction effects, it can be seenwhether the probability of becoming a homeownerdiffers between household types in differentage groups. The results show that marriedcouples have the highest probability ofbecoming homeowners in age group 18–24, whereasthe probability is highest for cohabitors inage group 25–29, and in age group 30–34 forsingles. This supports the idea that peoplebecome homeowners either when they make acommitment, or when stability is createdthrough the passage of time in a lesscommitting household type.