Effects of reflection, restatement, probe, and nonverbal behaviors on client affect.

Examined the effects of counselor verbal behavior (reflections, probes, and restatements) and nonverbal behavior (presence or absence of nodding and smiling) on the verbal responses of 48 undergraduates. Each S participated in a half-hour counseling session which was divided into 4 time periods (baseline, counselor intervention, baseline, and counselor intervention). It was observed that probes resulted in more discussion of feelings than did either reflections or restatements. Nonverbal behavior did not affect discussion of feelings. Possible reasons for the effectiveness of the probe are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applying the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale to rate therapist adherence in cognitive-behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and clinical management.

Adherence of therapists to behaviors specified in cognitive-behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and clinical management manuals was studied. Raters used the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale (CSPRS) to rate therapist adherence in each of 4 sessions from 180 patients in the treatment phase of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaboration Research Program. Results indicate that therapists exhibited more behaviors appropriate to their own respective treatment approaches than to other treatment approaches. In fact, the 3 treatments could be discriminated almost perfectly using the CSPRS. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the CSPRS revealed high interrater reliability and high internal consistency. However, a 5-component structure extracted from the intercorrelations of the CSPRS items was substantially different from a 5-factor structure found in an earlier study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexual attraction toward clients, use of supervision, and prior training: A qualitative study of predoctoral psychology interns.

Interviews were conducted with 13 predoctoral psychology interns about an experience of sexual attraction toward a client, use of supervision to address the sexual attraction, and prior training regarding sexual attraction. Results indicated that sexual attraction to clients consisted of physical and interpersonal aspects. Therapists believed they were more invested and attentive than usual to clients to whom they were sexually attracted, and they indicated that sexual attraction created distance, distraction, and loss of objectivity. In terms of supervision, only half of the participants disclosed their sexual attraction to supervisors, and supervisors seldom initiated the discussion. Furthermore, trainees found it helpful when supervisors normalized the sexual attraction and provided the opportunity to explore feelings in supervision. Finally, trainees believed their training programs did not adequately address therapist sexual attraction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The creation of autologous substitute organs with stapling instruments

After partial or total esophagectomy, total gastrectomy, pancolectomy, and urinary cystectomy, it becomes necessary to reestablish continuity and/or replace function by the creation of a substitute organ obtianed from the various portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Ideally, the creation of the substitute organ should be undertaken at the same operation in which the original organ is excised. At times, however, the surgeon may elect a two-stage approach by replacing the afflicted organ during a separate operation either prior to or after excision, as dictated by the circumstances surrounding each individual patient. The use of stapling instruments has greatly facilitated the precision, neatness, and speed with which substitute organs can be constructed. This is especially spectacular in those patients in whom a one-stage procedure is elected.     

Nonverbal communication and counseling outcome.

Nonverbal abilities and behaviors and verbal–nonverbal (VB–NVB) congruence of both counselor and client were studied in relation to judgments by counselors and clients of counseling outcome. 40 university students were clients; 20 counseling or clinical psychology graduate students were counselors. 40 counseling dyads were videotaped during 30-min counseling sessions. NVB abilities were assessed by the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity and an encoding task. Raters judged the presence of 7 NVB behaviors for each 5-sec segment of the videotaped session. Congruence was measured through postsession recall by counselor and client of consistency of feelings expressed through VB and NVB channels of communication. Only VB–NVB congruence was significantly related to outcome, suggesting that the NVB dimension is important primarily as it interacts with the VB dimension. Recommendations are made for use of new methodologies in future research to examine the complex interactions involving NVB communication. (41 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fluorescence quenching of the europium tetracycline hydrogen peroxide complex by copper (II) and other metal ions

The europium-tetracycline complex [Eu(Tc)] is known to show only weak fluorescence with an emission maximum at 615 nm. On addition of hydrogen peroxide (HP), the strongly fluorescent [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex is formed, which displays a 15-fold stronger luminescence intensity. This study describes the decrease in luminescence intensity of the [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex in aqueous solution in the presence of Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Static and dynamic quenching can be induced by Cu2+, and these processes were quantified by means of their quenching constants. Stern-Volmer plots were also derived from lifetime imaging measurements accomplished by the rapid lifetime determination (RLD) technique based on microwell plate assays, and also by the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. According to those data, a time-resolved fluorescent method for copper determination can be proposed that is based on dynamic quenching of the [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex by Cu2+ ions. The response to copper concentrations is linear up to 1.6 micromol L(-1), providing a detection limit of 0.2 micromol L(-1).     

Bread staling assessment of enzyme-supplemented pan breads by dynamic and static deformation measurements

Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal mechanical analysis techniques were used in order to evaluate the effect of amylolytic-, non-amylolytic- and gluten-cross-linking enzymes on the viscoelastic properties of fresh and stored pan breads. The relationships between dynamic and static compression measurements in bread staling characterization and the correlations between sensory firmness and thermomechanical properties were also investigated. Rheological changes in bread associated with recipe and storage time were successfully detected via dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) in the compression mode. Relationships between the dynamic (DTMA) and static (texture analysis) methods were found. All the bread quality indicators measured by static methods were negatively correlated with the viscoelastic dynamic parameters.     

Are Chemical Compounds Important for Soybean Resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anticarsia gemmatalis</Emphasis>?

The identification and quantification of flavonoids (rutin and genistin) present in extracts of soybean genotypes, and their effects on the biology and physiology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae) were studied. Analysis of covariance and bicoordinate utilization plots were used to remove the effect of feeding time from pupal weight and consumption as well as to separate pre- and postingestive effects of treatment on A. gemmatalis growth. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” extracts in general, caused higher mortality, negatively influenced initial larval and pupal weight, and elongated larval cycle. Larvae fed on the “IAC-100” extract diet ingested larger amounts of food per unit of time, but were less efficient in its conversion to biomass. Leaf extracts of PI 227687 had the largest concentration of rutin (quercitin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside), followed by PI 274454, and “IAC-100”; PI 74454 also had the highest genistin (genistein 7-O-glucoside) content. The susceptible cultivar “BR-16” showed only a kaempferol-based flavonoid in its chemical profile, indicating that after successive crosses, secondary compounds responsible for plant defenses were eliminated. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” showed accentuated resistance characteristics and were considered inadequate sources for the development of A. gemmatalis. Considering rutin and genistin concentration in these genotypes, it is suggested that flavonoids are important factors conferring resistance to A. gemmatalis.