Projectile Attack of Surface Scattered Munitions Comparing Closed Form Theory with Live Trials

This paper describes research that has been undertaken to develop a low‐cost vehicle‐mounted gun system to provide for the rapid disposal of surface deployed munitions (principally mines) from up to 100 m distance. Inert high‐shock projectiles with optimized internal, external and terminal ballistic performance have been developed during this study. Work on shock wave interaction was reviewed in terms of the Rankine‐Hugoniot jump equations, and Walker and Wasley criterion has been employed using two modifications from James to predict initiation in this divergent shock application.     

Stakeholder perceptions towards the transition to a hydrogen economy in Poland

Poland has significant reserves of energy in the form of coal. However, the exploitation of these reserves could lead to significant carbon emissions. Hydrogen technologies present a potentially sustainable option for the Polish energy system. This paper reviews the existing Polish energy system, resources, policies and measures from the perspective of planning a transition to a hydrogen-based economy. The key challenges and opportunities gathered by systematic consultation of senior stakeholders are presented. Coke oven gas and coal gasification are the major short and medium term sources of hydrogen. Underground conversion of coal deposits with integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) is most important in the long term. Other opportunities include development of renewables, by-product hydrogen and nuclear power. Current lack of infrastructure, particularly for CCS, hydrogen pipelines and clean coal is seen as a significant barrier. Regional and central government should cooperate with industry to develop a portfolio of demonstration projects to provide experience and stimulate demand for hydrogen.     

Neural substrates of crossmodal association memory in monkeys: The amygdala versus the anterior rhinal cortex.

Nine rhesus monkeys were trained on visual, tactual, and crossmodal (tactual–visual) versions of delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS). They then received bilateral aspiration lesions of the anterior rhinal cortex or bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the amygdala or were retained as unoperated controls. Monkeys with anterior rhinal cortex lesions displayed a persistent deficit on crossmodal DNMS as well as a deficit on tactual DNMS. In contrast, monkeys with amygdala lesions exhibited only a transient impairment on crossmodal DNMS, and their difficulty appeared to be related to inadvertent damage to the anterior rhinal cortex. The present findings support the idea that the rhinal cortex is important for the formation and retrieval of stimulus–stimulus associations across sensory modalities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Appreciating Cumbernauld

Built between 1961 and 1969, Cumbernauld town centre was intended by the town's newly established architects' department to be the centrepiece of a Modernist ‘utopia’ that would absorb Glasgow's overspill. It initially attracted architectural honours, but coverage then became damning. Reyner Banham said of it: ‘It shaped its times, and was shaped by them, most notably and depressingly in the use of raw off-the-form concrete … a weeping, sweeping, drip-stained brown.’ As a visiting professor at the University of Strathclyde, Gordon Murray has worked with the head of the school, Steven Spier, to focus all final-year projects on Cumbernauld. This has resulted in a reappraisal and reappreciation of the much-maligned megastructure.     

Electronic structure of LiSi

Silicon is of special interest in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) since it has large theoretical specific capacity or volumetric capacity. The crystal structure, charge distribution and density of states of LiSi as the Li-poorest side compound at the start of Li intercalation mechanism for Si anode in LIBs has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The triangular pyramids are formed by four Li atoms in LiSi. Compared to the charge density of crystalline Si, the SiSi covalent bonds in LiSi become weak due to Li intercalation. On the other hand, the electrons around the Li atoms in LiSi increase compared to those in metallic Li. The Li atoms in LiSi have negative charge of 0.83–0.84. These electrons, which are transferred from p electrons in the Si atoms, are mainly made of p electrons of the Li atoms. When considering the lithium intercalation reaction from crystalline Si to LiSi, the average intercalation voltage is about 0.4 V.     

Effects of integrated instruction on motivation and strategy use in reading.

Effects of instructional context on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have been examined with a variety of studies. This quasi experiment compared students receiving an instructional intervention designed to increase intrinsic motivation with students receiving traditional instruction. Concept-oriented reading instruction (CORI) integrated reading and language arts with science inquiry. It emphasized learning goals, real-world interaction (hands-on science activities), competence support (strategy instruction), autonomy support (self-directed learning), and collaboration. Traditional classrooms had the same content objectives and comparable teachers but different pedagogy. Children in CORI classrooms scored higher on motivation than did children in traditional classrooms, with effect sizes of 1.94 for curiosity and 1.71 for strategy use. Grade-level differences were found for recognition and competition. The results show that classroom contexts can be constructed to influence motivational outcomes positively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Deterministic built-in test pattern generation for high-performancecircuits using twisted-ring counters

We present a new approach for built-in test pattern generation based on the reseeding of twisted-ring counters (TRCs). The proposed technique embeds a precomputed deterministic test set for the circuit under test (CUT) in a short test sequence produced by a TRC. The TRC is designed using existing circuit flip-flops and does not add to hardware overhead beyond what is required for basic scan design. The test control logic is simple, uniform for all circuits, and can be shared among multiple CUTs. Furthermore, the proposed method requires no mapping logic between the test generator circuit and the CUT; hence it imposes no additional performance penalty. Experimental results for the ISCAS benchmark circuits show that it is indeed possible to embed the entire precomputed test set in a TRC sequence using only a small number of seeds     

配电系统中可再生能源机组接入容量分析

配电系统中安装可再生能源机组的容量会受到传统系统潮流分析方法的限制。介绍了一种用于分析系统潮流概率分布的概率潮流分析方法 ,并使用这一方法对配电系统中安装可再生能源机组容量问题进行了分析。通过实例计算分析 ,说明通过概率方法可以得到对配电系统安装可再生能源机组后系统运行情况的更完整的结果 ,从而提高配电系统中允许安装的可再生能源机组容量。     

Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: a general overview

Clays have been and continue to be one of the more important industrial minerals. Clays and clay minerals are widely utilized in many facets of our society. They are important in geology, agriculture, construction, engineering, process industries, and environmental applications. Traditional applications are many. Some of the more important include ceramics, paper, paint, plastics, drilling fluids, foundry bondants, chemical carriers, liquid barriers, decolorization, and catalysis.Research and development activities by clay scientists in academia, government, and industry are continually resulting in new and innovative clay products Many of these new applications are the result of improved processing, which provides clays of higher purity, more precise particle size and distribution, whiter and brighter color, modified surface chemistry, and other physical and chemical modifications. Some new and improved clay products include tailored or engineered paper coating kaolins, enhanced paint thickeners, nanocomposites for plastics, pillared clays as special absorbents and catalysts, clays for liquid fertilizer suspensions, clays for absorption of animal wastes, calcined kaolins with high brightness and low abrasion, faster casting clays, and clays with a very high modulus of rupture.Improvement of mining and processing techniques will lead to the continued growth of traditional clay applications and to the development of new and innovative clay products. Value added products are the wave of the future for the traditional industrial clay minerals.