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31.
Claudia Kuster Jean‐Charles Bazin Cengiz Öztireli Teng Deng Tobias Martin Tiberiu Popa Markus Gross 《Computer Graphics Forum》2014,33(2):1-10
Multi‐view reconstruction aims at computing the geometry of a scene observed by a set of cameras. Accurate 3D reconstruction of dynamic scenes is a key component for a large variety of applications, ranging from special effects to telepresence and medical imaging. In this paper we propose a method based on Moving Least Squares surfaces which robustly and efficiently reconstructs dynamic scenes captured by a calibrated set of hybrid color+depth cameras. Our reconstruction provides spatio‐temporal consistency and seamlessly fuses color and geometric information. We illustrate our approach on a variety of real sequences and demonstrate that it favorably compares to state‐of‐the‐art methods. 相似文献
32.
This study uses a hostage negotiation setting to demonstrate how a team of strategic police officers can utilize specific coping strategies to minimize uncertainty at different stages of their decision-making in order to foster resilient decision-making to effectively manage a high-risk critical incident. The presented model extends the existing research on coping with uncertainty by (1) applying the RAWFS heuristic (Lipshitz and Strauss in Organ Behav Human Decis Process 69:149–163, 1997) of individual decision-making under uncertainty to a team critical incident decision-making domain; (2) testing the use of various coping strategies during “in situ” team decision-making by using a live simulated hostage negotiation exercise; and (3) including an additional coping strategy (“reflection-in-action”; Schön in The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Temple Smith, London, 1983) that aids naturalistic team decision-making. The data for this study were derived from a videoed strategic command meeting held within a simulated live hostage training event; these video data were coded along three themes: (1) decision phase; (2) uncertainty management strategy; and (3) decision implemented or omitted. Results illustrate that, when assessing dynamic and high-risk situations, teams of police officers cope with uncertainty by relying on “reduction” strategies to seek additional information and iteratively update these assessments using “reflection-in-action” (Schön 1983) based on previous experience. They subsequently progress to a plan formulation phase and use “assumption-based reasoning” techniques in order to mentally simulate their intended courses of action (Klein et al. 2007), and identify a preferred formulated strategy through “weighing the pros and cons” of each option. In the unlikely event that uncertainty persists to the plan execution phase, it is managed by “reduction” in the form of relying on plans and standard operating procedures or by “forestalling” and intentionally deferring the decision while contingency planning for worst-case scenarios. 相似文献
33.
Claudia Szabo Quan Z. Sheng Trent Kroeger Yihong Zhang Jian Yu 《Journal of Grid Computing》2014,12(2):245-264
An important challenge for the adoption of cloud computing in the scientific community remains the efficient allocation and execution of data-intensive scientific workflows to reduce execution time and the size of transferred data. The transferred data overhead is becoming significant with emerging scientific workflows that have input/output files and intermediate data products ranging in the hundreds of gigabytes. The allocation of scientific workflows on public clouds can be described through a variety of perspectives and parameters, and has been proved to be NP-complete. This paper proposes an evolutionary approach for task allocation on public clouds considering data transfer and execution time. In our framework, a solution is represented using an allocation chromosome that encodes the allocation of tasks to nodes, and an ordering chromosome that defines the execution order according to the scientific workflow representation. We propose a multi-objective optimization that relies on a cloud cost model and employs tailored evolution operators. Starting from a population of possible solutions, we employ crossover and mutation operators on both chromosomes aiming at optimizing the data transferred between nodes as well as the total workflow runtime. The crossover operators combine parts of solutions to reduce data overhead, whereas the mutation operators swamp between parts of the same chromosome according to pre-defined rules. Our experimental study compares between the proposed approach and current state-of-the art approaches using synthetic and real-life workflows. Our algorithm performs similarly to existing heuristics for small workflows and shows up to 80 % improvements for larger synthetic workflows. To further validate our approach we compare between the allocation and scheduling obtained by our approach with that obtained by popular scientific workflow managers, when real workflows with hundreds of tasks are executed on a public cloud. The results show a 10 % improvement in runtime over existing schedulers, caused by a 80 % reduction in transferred data and optimized allocation and ordering of tasks. This improved data locality has greater impact as it can be employed to improve and study data provenance and facilitate data persistence for scientific workflows. 相似文献
34.
Josianne Lefebvre Federico Galli Claudia L. Bianchi Gregory S. Patience Daria C. Boffito 《加拿大化工杂志》2019,97(10):2588-2593
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a quantitative surface analysis technique used to identify the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state, and electronic state of an element. The kinetic energy of the electrons escaping from the material surface irradiated by an x‐ray beam produces a spectrum. XPS identifies chemical species and quantifies their content and the interactions between surface species. It is minimally destructive and is sensitive to a depth between 1–10nm. The elemental sensitivity is in the order of 0.1 atomic %. It requires ultra high vacuum ( Pa) in the analysis chamber and measurement time varies from minutes to hours per sample depending on the analyte. XPS dates back 50 years ago. New spectrometers, detectors, and variable size photon beams, reduce analysis time and increase spatial resolution. An XPS bibliometric map of the 10 000 articles indexed by Web of Science[1] identifies five research clusters: (i) nanoparticles, thin films, and surfaces; (ii) catalysis, oxidation, reduction, stability, and oxides; (iii) nanocomposites, graphene, graphite, and electro‐chemistry; (iv) photocatalysis, water, visible light, and ; and (v) adsorption, aqueous solutions, and waste water. 相似文献
35.
Definition of the problem
In Germany as well as in many other countries, mentally ill criminals who are not guilty by reasons of insanity can be sentenced to psychiatric treatment in forensic clinics. In 2011, the German Constitutional Court substantially strengthened these patients’ right to self-determination in case of treatment refusal.Arguments
In this context, we discuss the significance of instruments of advance healthcare planning. First, we describe the context of psychiatric treatment in forensic clinics and the changes the new German legal regulations brought about. A case study helps to illustrate the consequences of treatment refusal for both patient and healthcare personnel.Conclusion
Eventually, we discuss if and how advance directives and joint crisis plans can be useful in forensic clinics and how additional measures can help to facilitate patient self-determination.36.
Claudia Li Jian Song Shude Zhang Xiaoyao Tan Xiuxia Meng Jaka Sunarso Shaomin Liu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(5):2268-2284
New CO2-resistant dual-phase Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.925–SrCo0.4Fe0.55Zr0.05O3-δ (SDC-SCFZ) ceramics present a promising outlook for potential future applications in membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells. Their high oxygen permeation flux and stability in CO2 sweep gas also allow their integration in oxyfuel combustion. Here the structural characteristics, electrical conductivities, thermal expansion behaviors, and oxygen permeabilities of four different SDC-SCFZ membranes with weight ratios of 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (SDC:SCFZ) are systematically studied. Among these four SDC-SCFZ compositions, 0.6 mm-thick 25 wt% SDC-75 wt% SCFZ displayed the highest oxygen permeation fluxes that reach 1.26 mL min−1 cm−2 at 950°C and retained its phase integrity under alternating He and CO2 sweep gas over 72 hours of operation. This composite also showed a moderate thermal expansion coefficient of 1.90 × 10−5 K−1 between 30°C and 1000°C and an electrical conductivity of at least 16 S cm−1 at 550°C and above. Modeling studies revealed that the oxygen permeation fluxes through 25SDC-75SCFZ are limited by surface exchange reactions from 700°C to 800°C and mixed bulk diffusion and surface exchange reactions above 800°C. 相似文献
37.
Brianna L. Musicó Quinton Wright Cordell Delzer T. Zac Ward Claudia J. Rawn David G. Mandrus Veerle Keppens 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(7):3750-3759
The multicomponent approach has been successfully expanded to the Ruddlesden–Popper structure with the synthesis of two different high-entropy cuprate compositions: (La0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2)2CuO4 and (La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)2CuO4. The effect of synthesis method is explored using both solid-state reaction and polymeric steric entrapment (PSE) methods. It is found that PSE leads to more randomly distributed cation species, providing an advantageous method of synthesis for the growing field of high entropy oxides. In situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction tracks the amorphous to crystalline phase transformation in (La0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2)2CuO4 powder, synthesized using the PSE method. Using the High-Temperature XRD data, a method for gaining information on the kinetic behavior is also applied. Magnetometry of both compositions indicates ferrimagnetic behavior at low temperatures. 相似文献
38.
Edward J. Daniels Joseph A. CarpenterJr. Claudia Duranceau Michael Fisher Candace Wheeler Gerald Winslow 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(8):28-32
Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75%
of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials
recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share
of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present
special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles
continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the
U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses
this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling.
For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393,
Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov. 相似文献
39.
Lucian L. Visinescu Olajumoke Azogu Sherry D. Ryan Yu “Andy” Wu 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2016,32(11):885-900
Since the use of network-based storage as a cloud computing service [Storage as a Service (StaaS)] becomes ubiquitous, users who store data in the cloud are exposed to risk and potentially severe consequences. Therefore, individuals should carefully consider security and privacy issues when using StaaS. Drawing upon the principle of self-preservation and the theory of protection motivation, this study develops a research model explaining the mechanisms leading to the development of a protection strategy for individuals’ safe use of StaaS and empirically tests the proposed model. The results show that the natural propensity to trust, an individual trait, influences an individual’s need for privacy. This, in turn, along with perception of privacy risk, significantly affects individuals’ perception of the need to protect themselves. Three coping appraisal factors, preventive measures, self-efficacy, and willingness to incur cost of prevention, together with the individual perceived need to protect self, directly and positively affect users’ need to develop a protection strategy in a cloud computing environment. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Gil Francopoulo Nuria Bel Monte George Nicoletta Calzolari Monica Monachini Mandy Pet Claudia Soria 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2009,43(1):57-70
Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language
processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this
respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid
for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for
lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.
相似文献
Claudia SoriaEmail: |