Two-tier relaxed heaps

We introduce a data structure which provides efficient heap operations with respect to the number of element comparisons performed. Let n denote the size of the heap being manipulated. Our data structure guarantees the worst-case cost of O(1) for finding the minimum, inserting an element, extracting an (unspecified) element, and replacing an element with a smaller element; and the worst-case cost of O(lg n) with at most lg n + 3 lg lg n + O(1) element comparisons for deleting an element. We thereby improve the comparison complexity of heap operations known for run-relaxed heaps and other worst-case efficient heaps. Furthermore, our data structure supports melding of two heaps of size m and n at the worst-case cost of O(min {lg m, lg n}). A preliminary version of this paper [8] was presented at the 17th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation held in Kolkata in December 2006. Partially supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council under contracts 21-02-0501 (project Practical data structures and algorithms) and 272-05-0272 (project Generic programming—algorithms and tools).     

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Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Schallanalyse Neuronale Repräsentation des Hörvorgangs als Basis

Zusammenfassung Anlehnend an die überlegenheit des Menschen bei der Differenzierung von Schallsignalen, verglichen mit dem aktuellen Stand der Technik, widmet sich dieser Artikel dem Aufzeigen der Mechanismen und Vorg?nge, die sich bei der Verarbeitung von mechanischem Schall in Nervenimpulse innerhalb des Ohrs vollziehen, als Basis für eine m?gliche technische Nachbildung, z.B. zur Erkennung von Tonh?hen in Musik.     

移动和便携式电视系统的新纪元

在科技日新月异的今天,电视广播系统由模拟向数字的变迁已成为现实。预计在未来两年中,35％的电视将会以数字形式接收。除了家庭用的传统电视接收机外,消费者也期待便携式和移动电视接收机。移动电视接收的典型应用是车载电视,而便携式接收的典型应用是     

Polymeric thin films of controlled complex refractive index formedby the electrostatic self-assembled monolayer process

This letter reports a method, the electrostatic self-assembled monolayer process, for the synthesis of multilayer thin-film materials with controlled complex refractive index. By incorporating appropriate precursor molecules in each monolayer and organizing the physical order of the multiple monolayers through the material, it is possible to achieve designed complex refractive index properties. In this work, the real part of the refractive index of materials formed by this process was controlled from 1.424 to 1.615, and the imaginary part was controlled from 0.00001 to 0.035, both at a wavelength of 550 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that experimental measurements of self-assembled thin films are presented to demonstrate that this method is useful for the design and synthesis of thin films of controllable refractive index     

Modal dependence of the photoelastic coefficient in multimode,step-index optical fiber time domain systems

A simple ray-optic approach for the analysis of strained step-index multimode fibers is shown to lead to the determination of the photoelastic coefficient in an optical-fiber time-domain system. The theoretical model includes the dependence of the photoelastic coefficient a on the modal content of the fiber and explains some of the experimental discrepancies observed in high-resolution reentrant-loop-based sensing systems. For high-step-index 200-240 μm fibers with higher numerical resolution, the value of a is shown to vary from -0.2 to -0.3, which matches closely with experimental results     

Deoxycholate‐Based Glycosides (DCGs) for Membrane Protein Stabilisation

Detergents are an absolute requirement for studying the structure of membrane proteins. However, many conventional detergents fail to stabilise denaturation‐sensitive membrane proteins, such as eukaryotic proteins and membrane protein complexes. New amphipathic agents with enhanced efficacy in stabilising membrane proteins will be helpful in overcoming the barriers to studying membrane protein structures. We have prepared a number of deoxycholate‐based amphiphiles with carbohydrate head groups, designated deoxycholate‐based glycosides (DCGs). These DCGs are the hydrophilic variants of previously reported deoxycholate‐based N‐oxides (DCAOs). Membrane proteins in these agents, particularly the branched diglucoside‐bearing amphiphiles DCG‐1 and DCG‐2, displayed favourable behaviour compared to previously reported parent compounds (DCAOs) and conventional detergents (LDAO and DDM). Given their excellent properties, these agents should have significant potential for membrane protein studies.