A DNA-Micropatterned Surface for Propagating Biomolecular Signals by Positional on-off Assembly of Catalytic Nanocompartments

Signal transduction is pivotal for the transfer of information between and within living cells. The composition and spatial organization of specified compartments are key to propagating soluble signals. Here, a high-throughput platform mimicking multistep signal transduction which is based on a geometrically defined array of immobilized catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) that consist of distinct polymeric nanoassemblies encapsulating enzymes and DNA or enzymes alone is presented. The dual role of single entities or tandem CNCs in providing confined but communicating spaces for complex metabolic reactions and in protecting encapsulated compounds from denaturation is explored. To support a controlled spatial organization of CNCs, CNCs are patterned by means of DNA hybridization to a microprinted glass surface. Specifically, CNC-functionalized DNA microarrays are produced where individual reaction compartments are kept in close proximity by a distinct geometrical arrangement to promote effective communication. Besides a remarkable versatility and robustness, the most prominent feature of this platform is the reversibility of DNA-mediated CNC-anchoring which renders it reusable. Micropatterns of polymer-based nanocompartment assemblies offer an ideal scaffold for the development of the next generation responsive and communicative soft-matter analytical devices for applications in catalysis and medicine.     

Test Setup For Instrumented Initiation Tests

The initiation threshold of fragment impact on explosives was tested with single and double fragment impacts with zero and defined small time differences at constant 40 mm impact distance against confined Composition B charges. Reaction levels can be described by the debris sizes of the casing, respectively of the confinement. Much more distinctively, these results can be analyzed more in detail by the pressure profiles measured with in‐situ pressure gauges.     

Effectiveness Factors for Explosive Reactive Armour Systems

The space and mass effectiveness of explosive reactive armours (ERA) can be compared either with the penetration in a semi-infinite target of RHA, or with an inert ERA, respectively with a spaced plate arrangement. The paper gives a clear information of the two different definitions which are demonstrated by tests performed with a large and a small shaped charge, respectively with a KE round from type APDS-FS.     

Polymeric Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with Integrated DNA-Origami Nanopores: An Efficient Platform for Tuning Bioreaction Dynamics Through Controlled Molecular Diffusion

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are microcompartments serving to confine reactions, allow signaling pathways, or design synthetic cells. Polymer GUVs are composed of copolymer membranes mimicking cell membranes, and present advantages over lipid-based GUVs, such as higher mechanical stability and chemical versatility. Such microcompartments are essential for understanding reactions/signaling occurring in cells, which are difficult to study by in vivo approaches due to the cell's complexity. However, the lack of control over their production, stability, and membrane diffusion properties is still limiting their use for bio-related applications. Here, polymer GUVs produced by microfluidics and permeabilized with DNA-origami nanopores (DoNs) that present a high level of control over these essential properties are introduced. After systematic optimization of conditions, DoN-GUVs reveal a narrow size distribution, allow for high encapsulation efficiencies, and are stable for weeks, protecting encapsulated biomolecules. The kinetics of diffusion of molecules through the GUV's membrane is tuned by insertion of DoNs with a controlled 3D- structure. DNA polymerase I, encapsulated as model for bioreactions, successfully produced DNA duplex strands with spatiotemporal control. DoN-GUVs loaded with active molecules open new avenues in bioreactions, from the detection of biomolecules, over the tuning of molecular transport rates, to the investigation of cellular processes/signaling.     

Preparation and properties of 2-Dialkylamino-5-haloacetyl-thiazoles and 4-(2-Dialkylamino-5-thiazolyl)-thiazoles

By the reaction of N-acylthioureas 7 with 1,3-dichloroacetone 9 2-dialkylamino-5-chloroacetyl-thiazoles 11 are available. These compounds react with thioureas or arylthioamides under heterocyclisation to give bis-(2-dialkylamino-5-thiazolyl)-ketones 13 , 2-aryl-4-(2-dialkylamino-5-thiazolyl)-thiazoles 14 , or 2-dialkylamino-4-(2-dialkylamino-5-thiazolyl)-thiazoles 15 , resp., from which the last-mentioned compound exhibit a high reactivity towards several electrophilic reagents. Thus, deeply colored cyanovinyl, arylazo, and arylmethine substituted bisthiazole dyes 17, 18 , and 19 , resp., have been formed.     

Flying Plate Detonator

Design and function of an all-secondary explosive low-voltage electric detonator will be described. Results of the threshold values of current, voltage, energy will be presented together with the re-sponse times, the initiation capability gainst boosters of tetryl and the results of a few safety tests.     

Influence of the Initiation Intensity on the Radial Detonation Breakthrough

Initiation intensity of a booster charge was varied by inserting plexiglass layers of different thicknesses. The time differences between shockwave arrival in the acceptor charge and the axial and radial detonation breakthroughs were determined, as well as the distance of the first radial breakthrough from the initiation plane - referred to as the 90° distance Δs or Corner Turning Distance (CTD). Changes in the initiation time and Δs are small as long as the initiation intensity is sufficiently above to the threshold value. This result applies for cast explosive charges, TNT/RDX (35/65), Composition B type charges, and high performance pressed charges, HMX/Binder (96/4).     

爆轰波的拐角效应(英文)

爆轰波绕过急拐角或弧形拐角会产生不同的波形 ,其冲击波速度或爆速是相同的 ,但爆压却不同 ,这可以从不同的发光强度看出 ,爆轰波绕过急拐角后的光输出弱于绕过弧形拐角的发射光强度 ,显然这也是由于压力不同引起的。     

Blast Efficiency Measurements

A tower of tomato mark filled cans gives a good possibility to measure at least for comparison, the destroying capability of blast waves in 3 dimensions, also damage caused by hydraulic ram effects. By numbering the individual cans in stages and layers beginning from the front surface, the damaged amount or damaged volumes can be very well identified. For every test 1500 cans were used. The costs for such a target are remarkably low. As this measuring tool has demonstrated, the destroyed volume can definitely drastically increase from a cylindrical warhead to a multiple side initiated charge, like velocity enhanced warheads, and finally to a deformed charge, like blast focussed warheads.