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31.
Purification,Surface Tensions,and Miscibility Gaps of Alkyldimethyl and Alkyldiethylphosphine Oxides
Dirk Blunk Renate Tessendorf Natalie Buchavzov Reinhard Strey Cosima Stubenrauch 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2007,10(3):155-165
Alkyldimethyl (C n DMPO) with chain lengths of n = 8 (octyl), 10 (decyl), 12 (dodecyl), and 14 (tetradecyl) as well as alkyldiethyl (C n DEPO) phosphine oxides with chain lengths of n = 10, 12, and 14 were synthesized and purified to study how the adsorption properties and the location of the miscibility gap of these surfactants depend on the size of the head group and on the length of the alkyl chain. After surfactant purification, the surface tension isotherms were determined from which the cmc, the minimum surface tension σcmc, the maximum surface concentration Γmax, and the minimum surface area A min were obtained. As expected, for one homologous series, a decrease in the cmc and an increase in Γmax was observed with increasing alkyl chain length. For two surfactants of the same alkyl chain length, the cmc values of the C n DEPO surfactants are approximately two times lower than those of the C n DMPO surfactants. However, the Γmax values of C n DEPO are lower than those of C n DMPO as two ethyl chains are sterically more demanding than two methyl chains. In addition to the adsorption properties, the location of the miscibility gap as a function of the alkyl chain length and the head group size was studied. Its location depends on the total number of carbon atoms and not primarily on the length of the main alkyl chain. This observation reflects the decreasing water solubility which can be tuned by increasing the length of either the main alkyl chain or of the shorter head group chains. 相似文献
32.
De Giglio E Cometa S Calvano CD Sabbatini L Zambonin PG Colucci S Benedetto AD Colaianni G 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2007,18(9):1781-1789
In recent years, many procedures based on surface modification have been suggested to improve the biocompatibility and biofunctionality
of orthopedic titanium-based implants. In this contest, the development of a new titanium-based biomaterial that could be
covalently modified with biologically active molecules (i.e., RGD-peptides, growth factors, etc.) able to improve osteoblasts
response was investigated. The strategy followed was based on a preliminary coating of the implant material by an adherent
thin polymer film to which bioactive molecules could be grafted exploiting the polymer surface chemical reactivity. In this
work, we focused our attention on pyrrole-3-acetic acid (Py-3-acetic), a pyrrole with carboxylic acid substituent, whose electrosynthesis
and characterization on titanium substrates were already accomplished and whose potentialities in the design of new biocompatible
surfaces are well evident. As first step, the biocompatibility of the electrochemically grown PPy-3-acetic films was investigated
performing in vitro tests (adhesion and proliferation) with mouse bone marrow cells. Successively, the availability and reactivity
of surface carboxylic groups were tested through the grafting of an aminoacidic residue to PPy-3-acetic films. 相似文献
33.
Damiana Pieragostino Michele D'Alessandro Maria di Ioia Carmine Di Ilio Paolo Sacchetta Piero Del Boccio 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2015,9(1-2):169-186
Proteomics and metabolomics investigations of body fluids present several challenges for biomarker discovery of several diseases. The search for biomarkers is actually conducted in different body fluids, even if the ideal biomarker can be found in an easily accessible biological fluid, because, if validated, the biomarker could be sought in the healthy population. In this regard, tears could be considered an optimum material obtained by noninvasive procedures. In the past years, the scientific community has become more interested in the study of tears for the research of new biomarkers not only for ocular diseases. In this review, we provide a discussion on the current state of biomarkers research in tears and their relevance for clinical practice, and report the main results of clinical proteomics studies on systemic and eye diseases. We summarize the main methods for tear samples analyses and report recent advances in “omics” platforms for tears investigations. Moreover, we want to take stock of the emerging field of metabolomics and lipidomics as a new and integrated approach to study protein-metabolites interplay for biomarkers research, where tears represent a still unexplored and attractive field. 相似文献
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Santin Maurizio Chinese Damiana De Angelis Alessandra Biberacher Markus 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2020,22(6):1339-1357
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Low-grade waste heat is an underutilized resource in process industries, which may consider investing in urban symbiosis projects that provide heating... 相似文献
38.
Specific Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) units dedicated to biomass‐based power production have recently been developed through the introduction of novel organic working media and technology innovation. For small systems, ORC technology appears as an efficient alternative to conventional generation if also process waste heat can be exploited, as resulted in the last few years from the successful operation of several demonstration plants in Austria and Switzerland. The present study aims to investigate the impact of the introduction of ORC units in an industrial context from a system perspective, with particular reference to industrial districts, which are characterized by the concentration in small areas of a large number of medium‐ and small‐sized firms. The paper focuses on the opportunity of combining ORCs, traditional Rankine cycles and multi‐source district heating to meet energy requirements in an industrial district in North Eastern Italy. To this end, a mixed‐integer linear programming model oriented to economical optimization of the system is developed and sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to determine the conditions for the expansion of biomass‐based power generation in the analyzed industrial district and to evaluate potential for CO2 emission reduction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Julia Boos Wiebke Drenckhan Cosima Stubenrauch 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2013,16(1):1-12
Even though foams have been the subject of intensive investigations over the last decades, many important questions related to their properties remain open. This concerns in particular foams which are stabilized by mixtures of surfactants. The present study deals with the fundamental question: which are the important parameters one needs to consider if one wants to characterize foams properly? We give an answer to this question by providing a measuring protocol which we apply to well‐known surfactant systems. The surfactants of choice are the two non‐ionic surfactants n‐dodecyl‐β‐d ‐maltoside (β‐C12G2) and hexaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether (C12E6) as well as their 1:1 mixture. Following the suggested protocol, we generated data which allow discussion of the influence of the surfactant structure and of the composition on the time evolution of the foam volume, the liquid fraction, the bubble size and the bubble size distribution. This paper shows that different foam properties can be assigned to different surfactant structures, which is the crucial point if one wants to tailor‐make surfactants for specific applications. 相似文献