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31.
Coalition formation is a central problem in multiagent systems research, but most models assume common knowledge of agent
types. In practice, however, agents are often unsure of the types or capabilities of their potential partners, but gain information about these capabilities through repeated interaction. In this paper, we
propose a novel Bayesian, model-based reinforcement learning framework for this problem, assuming that coalitions are formed
(and tasks undertaken) repeatedly. Our model allows agents to refine their beliefs about the types of others as they interact
within a coalition. The model also allows agents to make explicit tradeoffs between exploration (forming “new” coalitions
to learn more about the types of new potential partners) and exploitation (relying on partners about which more is known),
using value of information to define optimal exploration policies. Our framework effectively integrates decision making during
repeated coalition formation under type uncertainty with Bayesian reinforcement learning techniques. Specifically, we present
several learning algorithms to approximate the optimal Bayesian solution to the repeated coalition formation and type-learning
problem, providing tractable means to ensure good sequential performance. We evaluate our algorithms in a variety of settings,
showing that one method in particular exhibits consistently good performance in practice. We also demonstrate the ability
of our model to facilitate knowledge transfer across different dynamic tasks. 相似文献
32.
Healthcare delivery is evolving from disease-centered to patient-centered care delivery where patients are active participants
in their healthcare delivery. This calls for more communication and collaboration among all healthcare actors. There is also
an increasing demand for personalized healthcare systems that provide effective information management, facilitate communication
and collaboration, and support applications to meet user requirements. To address these challenges, we need to advance the
integration and interoperability of healthcare applications in a controlled manner. Drawing upon a conceptual model from a
collaborative care case study, we identified a set of interoperability requirements and developed a Mashup based interoperability
framework. Our framework allows patients and other healthcare actors to engage in collaborative processes through online applications
facilitated by mashups. We then use proof-of-concept implementations to demonstrate how our framework is able to facilitate
different types of interoperability. We believe that collaborative technologies such as mashups can implement process interoperability
requirements to support collaborative care delivery, particularly for asynchronous care delivery. 相似文献
33.
34.
John J. Guardiola Josiah E. Hardesty Juliane I. Beier Russell A. Prough Craig J. McClain Matthew C. Cave 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
Background: High-level occupational vinyl chloride (VC) exposures have been associated with hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which typically develops following a long latency period. Although VC is genotoxic, a more comprehensive mode of action has not been determined and diagnostic biomarkers have not been established. The purpose of this study is to address these knowledge gaps through plasma metabolomics. Methods: Plasma samples from polyvinyl chloride polymerization workers who developed hemangiosarcoma (cases, n = 15) and VC exposure-matched controls (n = 17) underwent metabolomic analysis. Random forest and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Results: Cases and controls had similar demographics and routine liver biochemistries. Mass spectroscopy identified 606 known metabolites. Random forest analysis had an 82% predictive accuracy for group classification. 60 metabolites were significantly increased and 44 were decreased vs. controls. Taurocholate, bradykinin and fibrin degradation product 2 were up-regulated by greater than 80-fold. The naturally occurring anti-angiogenic phenol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, was down-regulated 5-fold. Top affected ontologies involved: (i) metabolism of bile acids, taurine, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids; (ii) inflammation and oxidative stress; and (iii) nicotinic cholinergic signaling. Conclusions: The plasma metabolome was differentially regulated in polyvinyl chloride workers who developed hepatic hemangiosarcoma. Ontologies potentially involved in hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis and candidate biomarkers were identified. 相似文献
35.
Honglin Chen Hong Yang Yevgenia Briker Craig Fairbridge Oladipo Omotoso Lianhui Ding Ying Zheng Zbigniew Ring 《Catalysis Today》2007,125(3-4):256-262
Pt supported on a carbon molecular sieve (Pt/CMS) was prepared by pyrolysis of polyfurfuryl alcohol containing pre-reduced Pt particles. The catalysts were characterized by hydrogen chemisorption, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption and TEM. Hydrogen chemisorption showed that not all the Pt particles were exposed to H2 molecules. Oxidation treatment made Pt particles more accessible to H2. Catalyst activity was evaluated by hydrogenation of 1-hexene. Hydrogen spillover was demonstrated by diluting Pt/CMS with activated carbon or hydrogen type zeolite Y. The initial conversion of 1-hexene was increased from 86.5% to 98.5% and to 100% when Pt/CMS was diluted with activated carbon and hydrogen type zeolite, respectively. The high initial conversion was sustained for 6 h in the presence of diluents while the conversion decreased quickly for Pt/CMS alone. 相似文献
36.
Byrdwell WC 《Lipids》2001,36(4):327-346
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a very valuable technique for analysis
of lipids from a variety of classes. This instrumental method readily produces useful ions with gentle fragmentation from
large neutral molecules such as triacylglycerols and carotenoids, which are often difficult to analyze using other techniques.
Molecules that are easily ionized, such as phospholipids, produce molecular ions and diagnostically useful fragment ions that
are complementary to those produced by methods such as electrospray ionization MS with collision-induced dissociation. The
simplicity and versatility of APCI-MS make it an ideal tool for use in solving hitherto very difficult analytical problems. 相似文献
37.
38.
Because various phosphate (P) fertilizers differ widely in their solubility, it is commonly observed that crop response to P fertilizers varies under the same soil and crop conditions. Furthermore, a major problem encountered in the methods for determining the relative effectiveness (RE) of water-insoluble P fertilizer (e.g., phosphate rock) with respect to water-soluble P fertilizers, e.g., single superphosphate (SSP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), is that their growth response curves are usually nonlinear and often do not share a common maximum yield. In this paper, we review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used methods for calculating the RE of phosphate rock with respect to TSP (or SSP). The three methods are vertical comparison, horizontal (substitution rate) comparison, and linear-response comparison. 相似文献
39.
Xuqi Song John R. Grace Hsiaotao Bi C. Jim Lim Edward Chan Brian Knapper Craig McKnight 《加拿大化工杂志》2006,84(2):161-169
The hydrodynamics of fluid cokers were studied in a pressurized fully cylindrical cold model of diameter 483 mm, geometrically and dynamically scaled down by a factor of ~20 from commercial units. Differential pressure fluctuations, voidage distributions, solids momentum flux distributions and steady state gas mixing behaviour in the reactor section are compared for the same operating conditions with two kinds of particles, FCC and fluid coke. The voidage distributions and core‐annular flow structures in the reactor section were similar enough that either FCC or fluid coke particles can be used for cold modelling of fluid cokers. 相似文献
40.
Frank Zok Orfeo Sbaizero Craig L. Hom Anthony G. Evans 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(1):187-193
The mode I fracture resistance of a ceramic matrix composite has been measured. Simultaneous observations have revealed that the resistance is dominated by frictional dissipation upon the pullout of fibers that fracture in the crack wake off the crack plane. Numerical and analytical crack growth simulations have been compared with the experimental results. One important feature in this comparison concerns the occurrence of large-scale bridging. With these effects taken into account, the simulations and the experiments are found to be in good correspondence for acceptable magnitudes of the interface sliding stress. 相似文献