Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process under Exit Control Feedback Policy

出口控制反馈策略下的完全非对称简单排他过程

崔晓玲¹, 陈晓瑜², 肖松¹

（1. 临沂大学 机械与车辆工程学院, 山东 临沂 276000;

2．东北大学 材料电磁过程实验室,沈阳 110004)

摘要：

本文研究了出口控制反馈策略对交通流的影响。出口速率(β)定义为跳变速率(p)、电流(J)和体积密度(ρbulk)的函数,并改写为β = p - J/ρbulk。采用平均场法对基于完全不对称简单排他过程(TASEP)的模型进行了分析。相图中存在一个相变点,由p决定。此外,除低密度(LD)相外,其他各相出口率保持在β = p/2时,系统流量达到最大电流。结果表明,当交通系统处于交通堵塞状态时,可以采用控制反馈策略使交通流量达到最大值。

关键词：完全非对称简单排他过程;出口控制反馈;相图

     

Effect of Auxiliary Gas Flow Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Ta Coatings Prepared by Three-Cathode Atmosphere Plasma Spraying

Based on the three-cathode plasma spraying system, tantalum (Ta) coatings were prepared on the substrate of CuCrZr alloy. The effects of different auxiliary gas (helium) flow rates on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical and wear resistance properties of Ta coatings were studied. The results showed that the oxidation degree of the coatings decreases first and then increases with the increase of the auxiliary gas flow. When the auxiliary gas flow rate is 70 L·min–1, the oxidation degree of the coating is the lowest, minimum value of the porosity is 0.21%, and the bonding strength reaches the maximum, 59.3 MPa. At this time, the coating wear rate is 0.0012 mm3·N–1·m–1 with the best wear resistance. This indicates that the auxiliary gas flow has an important influence on the quality and surface mechanical properties of tantalum coating.     

Silencing the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 Genes in Tomato Reduces Abscisic Acid—Mediated Drought Tolerance

Drought is a major threat to agriculture production worldwide. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a pivotal role in sensing and converting stress signals into appropriate responses so that plants can adapt and survive. To examine the function of MAPKs in the drought tolerance of tomato plants, we silenced the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 genes in wild-type plants using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method. The results indicate that silencing the individual genes or co-silencing SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 reduced the drought tolerance of tomato plants by varying degrees. Co-silencing SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 impaired abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced stomatal closure and enhanced ABA-induced H₂O₂ production. Similar results were observed when silencing SpMPK3 alone, but not when SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 were individually silenced. These data suggest that the functions of SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 are redundant, and they overlap with that of SpMPK3 in drought stress signaling pathways. In addition, we found that SpMPK3 may regulate H₂O₂ levels by mediating the expression of CAT1. Hence, SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 may play crucial roles in enhancing tomato plants’ drought tolerance by influencing stomatal activity and H₂O₂ production via the ABA-H₂O₂ pathway.     

Shape-controllable synthesis of hydrophilic NaLuF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals by a surfactant-assistant two-phase system

Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were prepared by a one-pot procedure in a two-phase reacting system. Four kinds of surfactants were tested in the synthesis process as capping agent to tune size and morphology of nanocrystals. Nanoparticles (approximately 70 nm) and rods (400 nm and 2.5 μm) were synthesized, respectively. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the successful linking between UCNP surface and surfactant. Ionic liquids (ILs) and surfactants participated in synthesis process together, competing with each other to cap on UCNPs. ILs still led the competition of capping, while surfactants worked as cooperative assistants to develop functional surface. Further characterizations such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated the changes in crystallization and phase transformation under the influence of surfactants. In addition, the growth mechanism of nanocrystals and upconversion fluorescence luminance was also investigated in detail. At last, the cytotoxicity of UCNPs was evaluated, which highly suggest that these surface-functionalized UCNPs are promising candidates for biomedical engineering.     

液相共沉淀法制备四氧化三铁纳米粉

采用液相共沉淀法制备了纳米级四氧化三铁颗粒，通过X-Ray谱图证实了该粒子的组成结构。通过能谱图(EDS)研究表明样品中含有氯元素，这是因为在纳米级四氧化三铁颗粒表面处理过程中，其表面层与盐酸反应，表面生成氢氧化铁带电颗粒，Cl^-吸附在该颗粒表面，从而有效防止纳米粒子团聚，提高其分散效果。通过HRTEM研究表明，由该法所制得的四氧化三铁粒子主要为球形，粒径分布均匀，平均粒径在10nm左右。     

共沉淀法制备三元系铋基焦绿石型陶瓷粉体

采用改进的Mergen A．方案，用氧化锌、三氧化二铋、三氧化二锑为原料，氨水、草酸铵和碳酸铵分别为沉淀剂，盐酸为溶剂，用共沉淀法成功制备了亚微米级颗粒、高活性的铋基Bi1.5ZnSb1.5O7（BZS）焦绿石型介电陶瓷粉体。探讨了用不同的沉淀剂、在不同的烧结温度所得产物的形态。结果表明氨水做沉淀剂在570℃就可生成纯的焦绿石结构。与Mergen A方法相比成本大大降低，可以使瓷片组织的均匀性提高，电性能得到改善，电压梯度下降。     

浸没循环撞击流反应器制备牙膏用磷酸氢钙

采用浸没循环撞击流反应器（SCISR），以焦磷酸钠和磷酸三镁为稳定剂，以磷钙液和石灰乳为原料，通过中和反应法制备出了平均粒度10μm的牙膏用微细磷酸氢钙；探讨了反应温度、熟化时间、反应器装填系数、反应终点pH、磷钙液质量浓度等对产品质量的影响。确定了最优操作条件：磷钙液质量浓度1．17～1．19kg／m^3，反应温度42℃，熟化时间2h，反应终点pH6．3，反应器装填系数0．75。得到产品符合HG3257—2001标准。     

煅烧工艺对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响

采用柠檬酸法测定了均匀沉淀法制备出的纳米氧化镁粉体活性,并与普通氧化镁粉体活性进行了比较.探讨了煅烧温度和煅烧时间对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响.结果表明,煅烧温度和煅烧时间对纳米氧化镁粉体活性的影响很大,煅烧温度为450 ℃和煅烧时间为3 h得到的纳米氧化镁粉体活性较大.普通氧化镁粉体的活性要低于纳米氧化镁粉体的活性.     

PS粉末激光烧结快速成型技术及其在铸造中的应用

系统地阐述快速成型技术的工艺方法、常用成型材料及选择性激光烧结技术的原理,介绍聚苯乙烯（PS）粉末的特性及成型工艺参数。指出对PS粉末烧结成型件进行不同的后处理,可将其作为原型件、功能件或精铸模具使用。最后论述了PS粉末选择性激光烧结技术在铸造领域的广泛应用,     

不同蒙脱石的有机插层及聚合剥离

以成因、类型、性质不同的6种蒙脱石为原料,制备了有机插层和聚酰胺6／蒙脱石纳米复合材料。研究了蒙脱石矿物类型、成分及阳离子交换容量对其有机插层及聚合剥离的影响。结果表明：有机插层蒙脱石层间距随插层剂用量及阳离子交换容量的增加而增加,低阳离子交换容量及高钠含量蒙脱石更有利于插层剥离。钠化对蒙脱石有机插层影响不明显。