Elements of an energy management program

World energy prices have increased significantly in the last several years. These increasing costs impact the overall manufacturing costs of industrial operations and their ability to be profitable. At the same time, there is societal pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To address these forces, every company should have an energy management program. In this paper, the key elements of an energy management program will be addressed using examples from the aluminum metals industry. In particular, the elements of process identification, data collection, data analysis, project selection, implementation, and communications will be reviewed. The size and degree of sophistication of such a program will be dependent upon the magnitude of the energy costs and the resources available to address the issues. Authors’ Note: In this paper we will normally reference energy and weight in English units since that is what was used at the plants from which the examples were drawn, but the corresponding International System of Units (SI) units could be used.     

桌面出版系统常用软件问答

问：当我将rageuaMaker中某些物件元素成组后，再改变整体物件的尺寸时，包含于其中的文字的大小不会随之改变。对问是否有办法使成组物件中文字块的大小脑鳖体物件尺寸的改变而变化？苦：没有直接的办法改变成组物件中文字块的大小．但可用其他方法实现。如果你使用的是PageMaker6．5则可用”ScaleTextBook”来改变文字块的大小．针对这一问角还有其他几种解决办法。你可以在目录中删去空格（例如，用Safi代替Safi）．或选择一个不同的目录名，在该目录名中不含有空格。或者，如果你手上有PageMaker6．5的安装光盘（或合有AcrobatDist…     

Stereotype threat in criminal interrogations: Why innocent Black suspects are at risk for confessing falsely.

Little theoretical attention has been paid to evidence that Blacks are overrepresented in samples of false confessors compared to Whites. One possible explanation is that innocent Black suspects experience stereotype threat in interrogations and that this threat causes Black suspects to experience more arousal, self-regulatory efforts, and cognitive load compared to White suspects. These psychological mechanisms could lead innocent Black suspects to display more nonverbal behaviors associated with deception and, ironically, increase the likelihood that police investigators perceive them as guilty. In response, investigators might engage in more coercive tactics and exert more pressure to confess on Black suspects than White suspects. This could increase the need to escape interrogation and the likelihood of doing so by confessing falsely more for Blacks than for Whites. I present these hypotheses within a social psychological framework, and discuss future directions for testing the model and theoretical and practical implications of such work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring the Impact of an Individual Course on Students' Success

Background At the University of Michigan, qualified first‐year students who place out of the first‐semester calculus course may enroll in either the regular second‐semester calculus course or Applied Honors Calculus II. Students who enroll in Applied Honors Calculus II show higher academic performance than students enrolling in the Regular Calculus II. Purpose (Hypothesis ) The study addressed the question: does enrollment in Applied Honors Calculus II have a positive causal impact on subsequent academic performance for engineering students at the University of Michigan? Design /Method We acquired seven years of institutional data for engineering students who entered the University of Michigan from 1996 through 2003 and who qualified to enroll in Applied Honors Calculus II. Using regression analyses, we tested a causal model of impact of Applied Honors Calculus II on four measures of subsequent academic performance: grade in Physics II and average grade in all subsequent physics, mathematics, and engineering courses. Results After controlling for students' personal characteristics and prior academic achievement, the impact of Applied Honors Calculus II on students' academic performance was not statistically significant. In particular Advanced Placement scores accounted for the higher performance observed in Applied Honors Calculus II students. Conclusions We recommend including Advanced Placement scores in models that predict academic performance. Future research should also include measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and explore interactions between SES and academic background. Finally, in evaluations of specific curricula, the treatment effect—measured as treatment group mean minus control group mean, after controlling for covariates—is unlikely to be large if the control group receives high quality instruction.     

Trauma exposure among children with oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder.

Consecutive admissions to an outpatient child psychiatry clinic diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or adjustment disorder were assessed for trauma exposure by a structured clinical interview and parent report. Controlling for age, gender, severity of internalizing behavior problems, social competence, family psychopathology, and parent–child relationship quality (assessed by parent report), an ODD diagnosis, with or without comorbid ADHD, was associated with increased likelihood of prior victimization (but not nonvictimization) trauma. ADHD alone was not associated with an increased likelihood of a history of trauma exposure Traumatic victimization contributed uniquely to the prediction of ODD but not ADHD diagnoses. Children in psychiatric treatment who are diagnosed with ODD, but not those diagnosed solely with ADHD, may particularly require evaluation and care for posttraumatic sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microstructure of 96% Alumina Ceramics: I, Characterization of the As-Sintered Materials

Characterization of the microstructure and microchemistry of a group of commercial 96% Al₂O₃ ceramics, using analytical and conventional electron microscopy techniques, was conducted. A continuous glassy grain-boundary phase was found in all samples, in addition to a number of intragranular and intergranular crystalline second phases; the phases present depended on the original boundary-glass composition. The faceted nature of many of the Al₂O₃-glass interfaces was studied and is thought to be an equilibrium structure.     

Endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs depends on current mood state.

In two studies we tested the hypothesis that endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs depends on current mood state for persons who are vulnerable to depression. The first study showed that reports of dysfunctional beliefs vary with spontaneous diurnal mood fluctuations in 47 depressed psychiatric patients. The effect of mood state was highly significant (p?     

Sensory modality, temperament, and the development of sustained attention: A vigilance study in children and adults.

Applying optimal stimulation theory, the present study explored the development of sustained attention as a dynamic process. It examined the interaction of modality and temperament over time in children and adults. Second-grade children and college-aged adults performed auditory and visual vigilance tasks. Using the Carey temperament questionnaires (S. C. McDevitt & W. B. Carey, 1995), the authors classified participants according to temperament composites of reactivity and task orientation. In a preliminary study, tasks were equated across age and modality using d= matching procedures. In the main experiment, 48 children and 48 adults performed these calibrated tasks. The auditory task proved more difficult for both children and adults. Intermodal relations changed with age: Performance across modality was significantly correlated for children but not for adults. Although temperament did not significantly predict performance in adults, it did for children. The temperament effects observed in children-specifically in those with the composite of reactivity-occurred in connection with the auditory task and in a manner consistent with theoretical predictions derived from optimal stimulation theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

YOUTH AND NATIONAL URBAN POLICY: The Florida Experience

ABSTRACT: Throughout the 1980s conditions worsened for children and youth in urban areas throughout the US. Lacking a national youth policy, formulation and implementation of youth policy has been left to the states and localities. One of the most innovative youth policy responses was enacted in Florida where the state authorized the creation of children's services councils at the county level. This paper traces the efforts of Florida's urban counties to develop programs, strategies, and the use of special tax districts that target unmet needs and children's issues. The Florida legislation and the experience of local governments offer one approach for other states and localities, as well as a model for national youth policy.