Organo-soluble phosphinated polyimides from asymmetric diamines

Two new asymmetric diamines (1-2) were prepared via a facile, one-pot procedure. Based on diamine (1-2), a series of asymmetric polyimides (3-4) were prepared in NMP/xylene by high-temperature solution polymerization. The resulting polyimides are readily soluble in some organic solvents, and can be solution casted into flexible and creasable films. An intramolecular charge complex mechanism was proposed to the structure-optical transparency relationship. Polyimides 3-4 display high-Tg (319-401 °C), high moduli (2.40-7.20 GPa), moderate coefficient of thermal expansion (38-53 ppm/°C), and excellent flame retardancy. These results show that the introduction of the asymmetric structure is an effective way to improve organo-solubility while maintaining thermal properties. Because of these properties, polyimides 3-4 can be considered as excellent high-Tg and flame-retardant materials for microelectronic applications.     

Linear regression‐based delay‐bounded routing protocols for VANETs

Routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted a lot of attention recently. Most of the researches emphasize on minimizing the end‐to‐end delay without paying attention to reducing the usage of radio. This paper focuses on delay‐bounded routing, whose goal is to deliver messages to the destination within user‐defined delay and to minimize the usage of radio because radio spectrum is a limited resource. The messages can be delivered to the destination by the hybrid of data muling (carried by the vehicle) and forwarding (transmitted through radio). In the existing protocol, a vehicle may only switch the delivery strategy (muling or forwarding) at an intersection according to the available time of the next road segment, which is between the current intersection and the next intersection. To improve previous works, our protocol uses linear regression to predict the available time and the traveling distance, and thus, the vehicle can switch to a proper delivery strategy at a proper moment and can reduce the number of relays by radio. Our protocol contains two schemes: the greedy and centralized schemes. The greedy scheme uses only the current sampling data to predict the available time and decide when to switch the delivery strategy, whereas the centralized scheme uses the global statistical information to choose a minimum‐cost path. Simulation results justify the efficiency of the proposed protocol. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤粉与木粉共燃的NOx生成特性分析

建立了单角炉煤粉射流燃烧模型 ;计算了炉内速度场、浓度场、温度场 ;并计算了煤粉单独燃烧时“燃料”型和“热力”型NO的生成 ;分析了从单角炉的不同部位喷入木粉、煤粉与木粉共燃时 ,木粉燃烧焦碳对NO还原能力差异的原因 ;分析了煤粉与木粉共燃抑制NO生成的原因     

Thermal Spray Maps: Material Genomics of Processing Technologies

There is currently no method whereby material properties of thermal spray coatings may be predicted from fundamental processing inputs such as temperature-velocity correlations. The first step in such an important understanding would involve establishing a foundation that consolidates the thermal spray literature so that known relationships could be documented and any trends identified. This paper presents a method to classify and reorder thermal spray data so that relationships and correlations between competing processes and materials can be identified. Extensive data mining of published experimental work was performed to create thermal spray property-performance maps, known as “TS maps” in this work. Six TS maps will be presented. The maps are based on coating characteristics of major importance; i.e., porosity, microhardness, adhesion strength, and the elastic modulus of thermal spray coatings.     

Biodegradable Blends Prepared from Polycaprolactone and Poly(glutamic acid): Structure,Thermal Properties,and Biodegradability

Biodegradable polycaprolactone/poly(glutamic acid) (PCL/PGA) blends were prepared by a melt blending method. Additionally, acrylic acid-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL-g-AA) was studied as an alternative to PCL. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), an Instron mechanical tester, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because of poor compatibility between PCL and PGA, the mechanical properties of PCL/PGA blends were worse than of PCL alone. The PCL-g-AA/PGA blends had obviously improved mechanical properties over PCL/PGA ones, and the former provided a plateau tensile strength at break when the PGA content was up to 20 wt%. Biodegradation tests of blends were also conducted in a soil environment; the results showed that the mass of blends declined by about the PGA content within 4 weeks.     

Katanin-Dependent Microtubule Ordering in Association with ABA Is Important for Root Hydrotropism

Root hydrotropism refers to root directional growth toward soil moisture. Cortical microtubule arrays are essential for determining the growth axis of the elongating cells in plants. However, the role of microtubule reorganization in root hydrotropism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the well-ordered microtubule arrays and the microtubule-severing protein KATANIN (KTN) play important roles in regulating root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis. We found that the root hydrotropic bending of the ktn1 mutant was severely attenuated but not root gravitropism. After hydrostimulation, cortical microtubule arrays in cells of the elongation zone of wild-type (WT) Col-0 roots were reoriented from transverse into an oblique array along the axis of cell elongation, whereas the microtubule arrays in the ktn1 mutant remained in disorder. Moreover, we revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling enhanced the root hydrotropism of WT and partially rescued the oryzalin (a microtubule destabilizer) alterative root hydrotropism of WT but not ktn1 mutants. These results suggest that katanin-dependent microtubule ordering is required for root hydrotropism, which might work downstream of ABA signaling pathways for plant roots to search for water.     

紫外吸收剂插层蒙脱土对沥青老化性能的影响

采用有机插层剂对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,得到有机蒙脱土(OMMT),分别将其与不同类型的紫外吸收剂(UVA)进行复合插层,制备得到UVA插层OMMT,并通过X射线衍射试验对UVA插层OMMT的结构进行了表征;同时通过熔融共混法,制备了 UVA插层OMMT改性沥青,并采用常规性能试验、薄膜烘箱老化试验和紫外光(UV)老...     

A Possible Mechanism of Graphene Oxide to Enhance Thermostability of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Thermal stability is a limiting factor for effective application of D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) enzyme. Recently, it was reported that the thermal stability of DPEase was improved by immobilizing enzymes on graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. However, the detailed mechanism is not known. In this study, we investigated interaction details between GO and DPEase by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicated that the domain (K248 to D268) of DPEase was an important anchor for immobilizing DPEase on GO surface. Moreover, the strong interactions between DPEase and GO can prevent loop α1′-α1 and β4-α4 of DPEase from the drastic fluctuation. Since these two loops contained active site residues, the geometry of the active pocket of the enzyme remained stable at high temperature after the DPEase was immobilized by GO, which facilitated efficient catalytic activity of the enzyme. Our research provided a detailed mechanism for the interaction between GO and DPEase at the nano–biology interface.     

Gallium Phosphide Solar Cell Structures with Improved Quantum Efficiencies

Journal of Electronic Materials - Gallium phosphide (GaP) solar cell structures with improved quantum efficiencies were realized using a modified liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique and diodes...