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991.
The present study determined tumorigenicity, tumor classification and DNA damage induced in infant mice by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) residues after a single exposure. Male and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to B[a]P or MGP residue from a single environmental site (MGP-4) and males were also exposed to MGP residue composite from seven different sites (MGP-M7). At 26, 39 and 52 weeks after exposure tumorigenesis was assessed in lung, forestomach and liver. Formation and persistence of DNA adducts were quantified by 32P-postlabeling. Exposure of males to B[a]P induced liver tumors in a dose and time dependent manner. MGP induced more advanced tumors than B[a]P. Only a single liver tumor was found in MGP-4 treated females. No forestomach and few pulmonary adenomas were induced in males or females. MGP-4, MGP-M7 or B[a]P induced DNA adducts in males and females. Adducts in liver, lung and forestomach peaked on different days and decreased at different rates. At 24 h post-exposure, no significant differences in initial DNA adduct levels occurred in males and females exposed to MGP-4 or B[a]P. Lack of DNA damage (adducted DNA) did not account for non-responsiveness of lung and forestomach in B6C3F1 genders as well as in liver in females. MGP tumorigenicity could not be accounted for solely by B[a]P content nor did it reflect additivity of B[a]P and other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in MGP. Synergy among MGP-PAHs, presence of unidentified carcinogens and/or promoters in MGP may account for MGP potency. The B6C3F1 infant male model is a convenient and rapid assay for assessing MGP liver tumorigenicity and potency. 相似文献
992.
Modeling statistical dopant fluctuations in MOS transistors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stolk P.A. Widdershoven F.P. Klaassen D.B.M. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1998,45(9):1960-1971
The impact of statistical dopant fluctuations on the threshold voltage VT and device performance of silicon MOSFET's is investigated by means of analytical and numerical modeling. A new analytical model describing dopant fluctuations in the active device area enables the derivation of the standard deviation, σVT , of the threshold voltage distribution for arbitrary channel doping profiles. Using the MINIMOS device simulator to extend the analytical approach, it is found that σVT, can be properly derived from two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using a relatively coarse simulation grid. Evaluating the threshold voltage shift arising from dopant fluctuations, on the other hand, calls for full 3-D simulations with a numerical grid that is sufficiently refined to represent the discrete nature of the dopant distribution. The average VT-shift is found to be positive for long, narrow devices, and negative for short, wide devices. The fast 2-D MINIMOS modeling of dopant fluctuations enables an extensive statistical analysis of the intrinsic spreading in a large set of compact model parameters for state-of-the-art CMOS technology. It is predicted that VT-variations due to dopant fluctuations become unacceptably large in CMOS generations of 0.18 μm and beyond when the present scaling scenarios are pursued. Parameter variations can be drastically reduced by using alternative device designs with ground-plane channel profiles 相似文献
993.
K Cupisti D Simon C Dotzenrath PE Goretzki HD R?her 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,382(6):295-301
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is a surgical procedure used for the treatment of people with chronic ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. The surgery is intended to preserve anal sphincter function, but it carries a risk for certain complications, including pouchitis and anastomotic stricture. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical manifestations, causes, and treatment of anastomotic stricture and pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. 相似文献
994.
995.
C Held P Hjemdahl N Rehnqvist NH Wallén I Bj?rkander SV Eriksson L Forslund B Wiman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,95(10):2380-2386
BACKGROUND: Disturbed fibrinolytic function may influence the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and contribute to thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS), patients with stable angina pectoris were studied prospectively during double-blind treatment with metoprolol or verapamil. Various measures of fibrinolytic function were studied in 631 (of 809) patients. During a median follow-up time of 3.2 years (2132 patient-years), 32 patients suffered a CV death, 21 had a nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and 77 underwent revascularization. Plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) activity and antigen (ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity at test, and TPA responses to exercise were determined at baseline and after 1 month's treatment and were related to subsequent fatal and nonfatal CV events. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated levels of TPA-ag at rest (P < .05), high PAI-1 activity (P < .05), and low TPA-ag responses to exercise (P < .05) were associated with increased risk of subsequent CV death. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, TPA-ag independently predicted CV death or MI. In addition, PAI-1 activity independently predicted CV death or MI in male patients. Verapamil treatment was associated with a 10% decrease of TPA-ag levels and metoprolol treatment with a 2% increase (P < .001 for treatment difference). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma TPA-ag levels at rest, and among male patients PAI-1 activity as well, independently predict subsequent CV death or MI in patients with stable angina pectoris. 相似文献
996.
Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
The authors report the empirical performance of Gallager's low density parity check codes on Gaussian channels. They show that performance substantially better than that of standard convolutional and concatenated codes can be achieved; indeed the performance is almost as close to the Shannon limit as that of turbo codes 相似文献
997.
The rare case of neurilemmoma of the larynx was presented. The difficulties in histopathologic diagnosis of such tumors were emphasized. The tumor was removed by surgery from external approach. 相似文献
998.
999.
The development and creating of new-generation full-scope simulator and new technology of simulation
N. N. Ponomarev-Stepnoi V. A. Lebedev M. M. Khudiykov S. D. Malkin V. V. Shalia I. D. Rakitin 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1997,173(1-3)
Set out is a brief account of the two major accomplishments by the Russian Research Center ‘Kurchatov Institute’ in creating the full-scope simulators and mathematical modeling technologies. Presented are the basic specifications of one of the world's largest simulators—the full-scope simulator for the Leningrad NPP which is the new-generation one. Owing to the extended modeling scope accomplished is the possibility of training personnel to act in terms of not only the design-basis but rather beyond the design-basis accidents. To minimize the expenditures for creating the simulators, analyzers and other modeling and control means, the RRC ‘Kurchatov Institute' has created the unique technology of mathmodeling automation. Thanks to its versatility and application at its creation of the ELUD philosophy (easy to learn, use and develop) good use is made of this technology both in nuclear and thermal power engineering, as well as in gas industry. 相似文献
1000.
A. V. Kurdyumov V. F. Britun V. B. Zelyavskii S. N. Gromyko T. S. Bartnitskaya L. A. Lyudvinskaya 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》1997,36(7-8):425-429
The structure of SiC–AlN powders is investigated by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. The powders
were produced by joint carbon reduction and nitriding of silicon and aluminum oxide mixtures. The results show that a mixture
of solid solutions forms during joint SiC and AlN synthesis at 1700°C, with SiC forming β (3C) and α (2H) modifications with
different grain morphology. The fiber form is characteristic of β-SiC, whereas the grains of the solid solution based on SiC
have a predominantly equiaxed form. α-SiC grain dimensions are considerablys smaller than those of AlN.
Institute of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kiev Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos.
7–8, pp. 81–86, July–August, 1997. 相似文献